Table 1.
Details of included studies.
| References | Type | Location | Type of surgery | Protocol for nerve block | Sample size | Mean/median age (years) | Male gender (%) | Surgery duration (min) | Post-operative analgesic drugs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QLB | Control | QLB | Control | QLB | Control | QLB | Control | ||||||
| Wilson et al. (32) | RCT | USA | Arthroscopy | Pre-operative USG guided lateral QLB with 40 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine | 22 | 24 | 29.8 | 37.1 | 36.4 | 41.7 | 149.9 ± 53.1 | 163.6 ± 51.1 | Oxycodone, IV hydromorphone |
| Haskins et al. (33) | RCT | USA | Arthroscopy | Pre-operative USG guided anterior QLB with 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 2 mg of dexamethasone | 48 | 48 | 36 | 36 | 50 | 45.8 | 95 ± 23 | 95 ± 33 | Oxycodone, PCM and naproxen/indomethacin and IV hydromorphone as rescue analgesic |
| Brixel et al. (31) | RCT | France | Arthroplasty | Pre-operative USG guided posterior QLB with 30 ml of 0.33% ropivacaine | 50 | 50 | 68 | 65 | 60 | 40 | 70 (63–77) | 68 (61–81) | IV PCM, IV ketoprofen, and morphine PCA |
| Yuan et al. (29) | RCT | China | Arthroscopy | Pre-operative USG guided posterior QLB with 0.4% ropivacaine | 40 | 40 | 36.7 | 36.5 | 47.4 | 50 | 80.8 ± 8.1 | 82.5 ± 9.3 | Sufentanil PCA, oral PCM and diclofenac |
| He et al. (30) | RCT | China | Arthroplasty | Pre-operative USG guided posterior QLB with 0.33% ropivacaine | 44 | 44 | 66 | 67 | 29.5 | 25 | 98 ± 8 | 100 ± 7 | IV parecoxib, oral PCM, and morphine PCA |
| Abduallah et al. (28) | RCT | Egypt | Arthroplasty | Post-operative USG guided posterior QLB with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine | 30 | 30 | 67.9 | 66.4 | 30 | 36.7 | 122 ± 9.2 | 125 ± 4.6 | IV PCM and morphine rescue analgesic |
| Kukreja et al. (25) | R | USA | Arthroplasty | Pre-operative USG guided posterior QLB with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine | 79 | 159 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kukreja et al. (26) | RCT | USA | Arthroplasty | Pre-operative USG guided anterior QLB with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine | 36 | 35 | 58.6 | 58 | 44.4 | 57.1 | NR | NR | NR |
| Kinjo et al. (27) | R | USA | Arthroscopy | Pre-operative USG guided anterior QLB with 20–30 ml of 0.33–0.5% ropivacaine | 15 | 54 | 35 | 35 | 33 | 55 | 97 ± 22.6 | 89 ± 20.1 | NR |
| Tulgar et al. (24) | RCT | Turkey | Hip and proximal femur surgery | Pre-operative USG guided posterior QLB with 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 10 ml of 2% lidocaine | 20 | 20 | 68.7 | 68.7 | 25 | 25 | 107 ± 19.9 | 110 ± 21.3 | IV PCM and tramadol PCA, IV fentanyl and IM diclofenac as rescue analgesic |
| McCrum et al. (23) | R | USA | Arthroscopy | Pre-operative USG guided anterior QLB with 20–30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine, 20–30 mcg of dexmedetomidine and 4 mg dexamethasone | 28 | 28 | 37 | 36 | 39.3 | 28.6 | 74 ± 34 | 69 ± 20 | IV PCM, IV ketorolac, and IV hydromorphone as rescue analgesic |
| He et al. (21) | RCT | China | Arthroplasty | Post-operative USG guided posterior QLB with 30 ml of 0.33% ropivacaine | 30 | 30 | 64 | 65 | 46.7 | 43.3 | 91 ± 21 | 96 ± 19 | Sufentanil PCA |
| Stuart Green et al. (22) | R | USA | Arthroplasty | Pre-operative USG guided QLB with 30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine | 10 | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; R, Retrospective; RCT, randomized controlled trial; PCM, paracetamol; PCA, patient controlled analgesia; NR, not reported; QLB, quadratus lumborum block; USG, ultrasound.