TABLE 3.
FPIES characteristics
| Confirmed (N = 151) | Presumptive (N = 41) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute FPIES | 112 (74.2%) | 33 (80.5%) | 0.5 |
| Chronic FPIES | 39 (25.8%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.5 |
| Sex ratio (male/female) (% boys) | 76/75 (50.3%) | 20/21 (48.8%) | 1.0 |
| Atopic history | |||
| Personal | 52/140 (37.1%) | 20/37 (54.1%) | 0.09 |
| Paternal | 44/145 (30.3%) | 16/36 (44.4%) | 0.1 |
| Maternal | 68/145 (46.9%) | 19/36 (52.8%) | 0.6 |
| Siblings | 17/33 (51.5%) | 4/11 (36.4%) | 0.5 |
| Age at first symptoms (months) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | 6.0 (3.7–10.5) | 0.049 |
| Main culprit food | |||
| Cow's milk | 93 (61.6%) | 15 (36.6%) | 0.005 |
| Hen's egg | 20 (13.2%) | 9 (22.0%) | 0.2 |
| Fish | 13 (8.6%) a | 8 (19.5%) b | 0.9 |
| Single fish | 9/13 | 5/8 | |
| Multiple fish | 4/13 | 1/8 | |
| Other foods | 25 (16.6%) c | 9 (22.0%) d | 0.5 |
| Minor criteria (acute FPIES) (mean) | 3.7 per FPIES | 2 per FPIES | <0.001 |
| Recurrent vomiting after same food | 98/112 (87.5%) | 25/33 (75.8%) | 0.1 |
| Lethargy | 90/112 (80.4%) | 18/33 (54.5%) | 0.006 |
| Pallor | 71/112 (63.4%) | 6/32 (18.2%) | <0.001 |
| Emergency department visit | 49/112 (43.8%) | 6/33 (18.2%) | 0.008 |
| Diarrhoea | 41/112 (36.6%) | 7/33 (21.2%) | 0.1 |
| Intravenous fluid support | 39/112 (34.8%) | 1/31 (3.2%) | <0.001 |
| Vomiting after different food | 25/112 (22.3%) | 3/33 (9.1%) | 0.1 |
| Hypotension | 6/87 (6.9%) | 0/23 | 0.3 |
| Hypothermia | 0 | 0 | – |
| Positive food specific IgE | 20/142 (14.1%) | 8/38 (21.1%) | 0.3 |
| Severe form (dehydration, hypovolemic shock, persistent hypotonia, or malaise) | 13 (8.6%) | 0 | 0.07 |
| Age at first OFC (years) | 2.0 (1.4–2.9) | 2.3 (1.6–2.9) | 0.3 |
| Age at tolerance (years) | 2.1 (1.7–3.0) | 2.5 (1.6–2.9) | 0.7 |
| Number of tolerant patients | 114 (75.5%) | 37 (90.2%) | 0.05 |
Note: The bold numbers indicates p < 0.05.
Confirmed FPIES to fish: codfish only n = 8, salmon only n = 1, hake and salmon n = 2; codfish and salmon n = 1; codfish and hoki n = 1.
Presumptive FPIES to fish: codfish n = 4; tuna n = 1; codfish + hoki + salmon + sole n = 1; nonspecified n = 2.
Confirmed FPIES to other foods: vegetables n = 6 (broccoli, cucurbits, green beans, mushroom, and sweet potato); legumes n = 2 (green peas, soy); fruits n = 8 (avocado, banana, cashew nuts, coconut pineapple, raspberry, and tomato); cereals n = 6 (rice, wheat); meat n = 3 (beef, chicken).
Presumptive FPIES to other foods: vegetables n = 2 (cucurbits, mushroom); legumes n = 1 (peanut); fruits n = 2 (apple, apricot); cereals n = 2 (rice); meat n = 2 (beef).