Table 1.
Current Tobacco Use Patterns based on COVID-19 Outcomes Among College Student E-Cigarette Users.
| Overall | COVID-19 symptomatology | COVID-19 testing | COVID-19 diagnosis | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Student characteristic | n (%)a | n (%)b | AOR | 95% CI | p | n (%)b | AOR | 95% CI | p | n (%)b | AOR | 95% CI | p |
| Current tobacco use | |||||||||||||
| Exclusive e-cigarette use | 405 (53.6) | 21 (5.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 338 (83.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 48 (14.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use | 154 (20.4) | 17 (11.0) | 2.12 | 1.05–4.27 | 0.035 | 130 (84.4) | 0.87 | 0.50–1.50 | 0.615 | 27 (20.8) | 1.40 | 0.80–2.44 | 0.234 |
| Dual e-cigarette and cigar use | 35 (4.6) | 4 (11.4) | 2.50 | 0.77–8.07 | 0.125 | 29 (82.9) | 1.24 | 0.47–3.28 | 0.660 | 8 (27.6) | 2.08 | 0.83–5.20 | 0.116 |
| Polytobacco use | 162 (21.4) | 53 (32.7) | 3.70 | 1.78–7.70 | <0.001 | 149 (92.0) | 1.43 | 0.67–3.04 | 0.354 | 25 (16.8) | 2.16 | 1.11–4.20 | 0.023 |
| Age, M (SD) | 20.3 (1.5) | 21.2 (1.8) | 1.31 | 1.11–1.54 | 0.001 | 20.2 (1.5) | 0.90 | 0.76–1.07 | 0.224 | 20.0 (1.5) | 0.97 | 0.82–1.16 | 0.765 |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 381 (50.4) | 49 (12.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 329 (86.4) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 65 (19.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 375 (49.6) | 46 (12.3) | 1.85 | 1.09–3.15 | 0.022 | 317 (84.5) | 1.16 | 0.74–1.83 | 0.514 | 43 (13.6) | 0.55 | 0.34–0.87 | 0.010 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 466 (61.6) | 52 (11.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 400 (85.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 79 (19.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 61 (8.1) | 19 (31.2) | 1.35 | 0.62–2.94 | 0.444 | 57 (93.4) | 1.22 | 0.38–3.96 | 0.735 | 4 (7.0) | 0.47 | 0.15–1.46 | 0.192 |
| Non-Hispanic Other/Multiracialc | 112 (14.8) | 14 (12.5) | 1.23 | 0.60–2.54 | 0.567 | 91 (81.3) | 0.82 | 0.45–1.47 | 0.499 | 10 (11.0) | 0.40 | 0.19–0.83 | 0.014 |
| Hispanic | 117 (15.5) | 10 (8.6) | 0.90 | 0.40–2.01 | 0.798 | 98 (83.8) | 1.24 | 0.68–2.26 | 0.489 | 15 (15.3) | 0.78 | 0.40–1.50 | 0.451 |
| Sexual orientation | |||||||||||||
| Heterosexual | 605 (80.0) | 59 (9.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 518 (85.6) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 89 (17.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| LGBTQ | 151 (20.0) | 36 (23.8) | 1.62 | 0.91–2.86 | 0.098 | 128 (84.8) | 0.71 | 0.41–1.23 | 0.223 | 19 (14.8) | 1.02 | 0.58–1.82 | 0.937 |
| University site | |||||||||||||
| University in Texas | 328 (43.4) | 18 (5.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 250 (76.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 41 (16.4) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| University in Arkansas | 177 (23.4) | 53 (29.9) | 2.66 | 1.07–6.60 | 0.035 | 169 (95.5) | 6.50 | 2.35–18.01 | <0.001 | 15 (8.9) | 0.22 | 0.09–0.56 | 0.002 |
| University in Indiana | 194 (25.7) | 15 (7.7) | 1.47 | 0.69–3.12 | 0.314 | 184 (94.9) | 5.84 | 2.87–11.87 | <0.001 | 39 (21.2) | 1.22 | 0.71–2.09 | 0.471 |
| University in Ohio | 57 (7.5) | 9 (15.8) | 2.69 | 1.06–6.83 | 0.037 | 43 (75.4) | 1.00 | 0.49–2.03 | 0.995 | 13 (30.2) | 1.61 | 0.72–3.58 | 0.243 |
| Fraternity/Sorority membership | |||||||||||||
| No | 569 (75.3) | 55 (9.7) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 479 (84.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 72 (15.0) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 187 (24.7) | 40 (21.4) | 1.09 | 0.62–1.91 | 0.769 | 167 (89.3) | 1.07 | 0.61–1.89 | 0.814 | 36 (21.6) | 1.90 | 1.15–3.14 | 0.012 |
| Current residence | |||||||||||||
| Off-campus housing | 438 (57.9) | 33 (7.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 361 (82.4) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 63 (17.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Campus residence hall | 198 (26.2) | 13 (15.7) | 1.29 | 0.62–2.70 | 0.501 | 184 (92.9) | 1.16 | 0.56–2.38 | 0.692 | 27 (14.7) | 1.33 | 0.71–2.51 | 0.377 |
| Other on-campus housing | 65 (8.6) | 19 (29.2) | 2.29 | 1.05–5.03 | 0.038 | 59 (90.8) | 1.46 | 0.58–3.73 | 0.424 | 12 (20.3) | 1.08 | 0.50–2.32 | 0.840 |
| Parent home | 55 (7.3) | 12 (21.8) | 1.38 | 0.57–3.34 | 0.480 | 42 (76.4) | 0.42 | 0.20–0.92 | 0.030 | 6 (14.3) | 1.30 | 0.48–3.54 | 0.609 |
Abbreviations; e-cigarette, electronic cigarette; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category; LGBTQ, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning.
All multivariable logistic regression models control for student age, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, university site, fraternity/sorority membership, and current residence.
aPercent refers to column percent, unless otherwise noted.
bPercent refers to row percent, unless otherwise noted.
cNon-Hispanic Other/Multiracial category includes Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian, Biracial, and Multiracial.
dLGBTQ includes asexual, bisexual, gay, lesbian, pansexual, queer, questioning, and same gender loving.