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. 2022 Feb 3;10:800393. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.800393

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Copyright © 2022 Yang, Huang and Zeng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Foreign DNA and RNA in cytoplasm could be sensed by cGAS, which sub-sequently facilitates the synthesis of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) by binding with GTP and ATP. The integration of cGAMP and STING induces STING activation. STING is then switched from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to perinuclear endosomes assisted by the Golgi apparatus. STING signaling can sense and response to foreign DNA and RNA in cytoplasm. The STIGN-TBK1 compound triggers innate immune response via phosphorylating IRF3 or NF-kB.