Table 3.
Prevalence Categories With Number of Articles, Estimated Pooled Prevalence, and I. 2
| Category | Number of articles | Pooled prevalence (95% CI) | I 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall analgesic14,16-18,20,23,25,29,33,36,37,43,45,46,48,49,52 | 17 | 50.8% (38.3%-63.3%) | 99.4% |
| Opioid14-16,18,19,21,24,26,31,37,38,40,44 | 13 | 23.8% (15.2%-33.7%) | 100.0% |
| Weak opioida,17,20,23,26,36,43,45,46 | 8 | 17.1% (10.8%-24.5%) | 83.8% |
| Strong opioida,20,26,33,36,45,46 | 6 | 6.7% (3.2%-11.2%) | 74.8% |
| NSAID14,15,19,20,22,26-28,30,32,34,35,37,39-42,47,50 | 19 | 17.2% (12.6%-22.3%) | 99.6% |
| Acetaminophen14,15,19,20,33,36,37,43 | 8 | 27.5% (17.6%-38.5%) | 98.6% |
| Adjuvants19,20,26,36,43 | 5 | 23.4% (16.5%-31.0%) | 58.4% |
| Nonopioid16-18,20,23,37,38,46 | 8 | 26.8% (19.2%-35.2%) | 96.9% |
Note. CI = confidence interval; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
a
Weak opioids are typically codeine or tramadol. All other opioids are considered strong opioids.