Table 2.

Characteristics of the primary studies.

Authors, year of publication, country	Intervention	Study participants (n)	Age (years; range)	Study design	Control group	Methods	Follow-Up
Bertozzi et al [34], 2018, India	My future family	393	15-19	Pilot study		Questionnaire (paper-and-pencil based, postgame) In-game data
Chib [35], 2011, Peru	Planeta Riesgo X	102	15-18	Quasi-experimental panel design		Questionnaire (self-administered)
Chu et al [36], 2015, Hong Kong	Making Smart Choices	1176	12-16	Pilot experiment with pretest and posttest		Knowledge: Questionnaire Feedback: Questionnaire and focus group interviews
Escobar-Chaves et al [30], 2011, Puerto Rico	It’s Your Game: Keep It Real	73	12-14	Pilot study		Questionnaire (paper-and-pencil based) Class discussion Reactions and opinions from 2 teachers, a librarian and a social worker
Fiellin et al [37], 2017, USA	Play Forward: Elm City Stories	333	11-14	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Questionnaire (face-to-face assessments) In-game data	✓
Gariepy et al [38], 2018, USA	Mobile videogame intervention	26	15-17	Pilot study		Questionnaire (self-administered) Focus group discussions	✓
Haruna et al [39], 2018, Tanzania	Game-Based Learning	120	11-15	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Questionnaire based Focus group interview
Markham et al [40], 2012, USA	It’s Your Game: Keep It Real	1258	mean 12.6	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Audio-computer-assisted self-interview	✓
Oliveira et al [41], 2016, Brazil	Papo Reto	23	15-18	Qualitative study (descriptive and exploratory)		Recorded workshops and speeches analyzed by content analysis
Peskin et al [42], 2015, USA	It’s Your Game: Keep It Real	1374	mean 14.3	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Audio-computer-assisted self-interview	✓
Peskin et al [43], 2019, USA	It’s Your Game: Keep It Real	1543	mean 13	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Audio-enhanced, computer-assisted surveys	✓
Potter et al [44], 2016, USA	It’s Your Game-Tech	3143	mean 12.7	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Audio-enhanced, computer-assisted surveys	✓
Rohrbach et al [45], 2019, USA	It’s Your Game: Keep It Real	4562	mean 15	Quasi-experimental cohort study		Audio-enhanced, computer-assisted surveys	✓
Shegog et al [33], 2014, USA	It’s Your Game-Tech	33, 22	12-14 13-15	Single-group, pre/postusability test		Computer-based questionnaire
Shegog et al [31], 2017, USA	Native It’s Your Game	45	11-15	Usability test (preadaption, adaption, postadaption)		Questionnaire (paper-and-pencil based) Focus group discussions Community advisory meetings
Shegog et al [32], 2021, USA	Secret of Seven Stones	19	mean 12	Usability test		Questionnaire Qualitative interviews	✓
Tortolero et al [46], 2010, USA	It’s Your Game: Keep It Real	981	mean 13	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Audio-computer-assisted self-interview	✓
Winskell et al [47], 2018, Kenya	Tumaini	60	11-14	Randomized controlled trial	✓	Audio-computer-assisted self-interview For intervention arm: Postintervention survey Postintervention focus group discussions	✓