TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Overall | Carbamazepine | Phenytoin | VKA | DOACs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 85 | 43 | 42 | 53 | 32 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 68 (59, 79) | 66 (58, 80) | 71 (62, 79) | 66 (57, 74) | 75 (66, 84) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 31 (37) | 18 (42) | 13 (31) | 33 (62.3) | 21 (65.6) |
| New anticoagulant users, n (%) | 49 (58) | 27 (63) | 22 (52) | 26 (49.1) | 23 (71.9) |
| Anticoagulant indication, n (%) | |||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 49 (59) | 27 (63) | 22 (52) | 28 (52.8) | 21 (65.6) |
| Atrial fibrillation + mechanical heart valve | 3 (4) | 3 (7) | ‐ | 3 (5.7) | ‐ |
| Atrial fibrillation + venous thromboembolism | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (3.1) |
| Arterial thromboembolism | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | ‐ | 1 (1.9) | ‐ |
| Mechanical heart valve | 4 (5) | ‐ | 4 (10) | 4 (7.5) | ‐ |
| Patent foramen ovale + stroke | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | ‐ | 1 (1.9) | ‐ |
| Venous thromboembolism | 23 (27) | 10 (23) | 13 (31) | 13 (24.5) | 10 (31.2) |
| Other a | 2 (2.4) | ‐ | 2 (5.0) | 2 (3.8) | ‐ |
| Carbamazepine/phenytoin indication, n (%) | |||||
| Epilepsy | 76 (89) | 34 (79) | 42 (100) | 48 (90.6) | 28 (87.5) |
| Pain management | 7 (8) | 7 (16) | ‐ | 5 (9.4) | 2 (6.2) |
| Psychiatric treatment | 2 (2) | 2 (5) | ‐ | ‐ | 2 (6.2) |
| Anticoagulant therapy | |||||
| Vitamin K antagonist, n (%) b | 56 (66) | 32 (74) | 24 (57) | ||
| Direct oral anticoagulant, n (%) b | 39 (46) | 19 (44) | 20 (48) | ||
| Dabigatran | 6 (15) | 4 (20) | 2 (10) | 1 (2) | 5 (16) |
| Apixaban | 18 (46) | 10 (53) | 8 (40) | 3 (6) | 15 (47) |
| Edoxaban | 3 (8) | 1 (5) | 2 (10) | 1 (2) | 2 (6) |
| Rivaroxaban | 12 (31) | 4 (21) | 8 (40) | 2 (4) | 10 (31) |
| Switched anticoagulant therapy, n (%) | |||||
| DOAC → VKA | 3 (4) | 2 (5) | 1 (2) | 3 (9.4) | |
| VKA → DOAC | 7 (8) | 6 (14) | 1 (2) | 7 (13.2) | |
| Concomitant antiplatelet therapy, n (%) | |||||
| Single | 21 (25) | 17 (40) | 4 (10) | 19 (35.8) | 2 (6.2) |
| Dual | 4 (5) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 3 (5.7) | 1 (3.1) |
| Co‐morbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 63 (74) | 35 (81) | 28 (67) | 41 (77.4) | 22 (68.8) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 20 (24) | 10 (23) | 10 (24) | 15 (28.3) | 5 (15.6) |
| Active cancer, n (%) | 14 (17) | 7 (16) | 7 (17) | 8 (15.1) | 6 (18.8) |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 10 (12) | 5 (12) | 5 (12) | 6 (11.3) | 4 (12.5) |
| Prior thromboembolism, n (%) | 52 (61) | 24 (56) | 28 (67) | 35 (66.0) | 17 (53.1) |
| Prior major bleeding, n (%) | 12 (14) | 3 (7) | 9 (21) | 8 (15.1) | 4 (12.5) |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc, median (IQR) b | 5 (4, 6) | 4 (3, 6) | 5 (4, 5) | 5 (3, 6) | 4 (4, 5) |
Abbreviations: CHA2DS2‐VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age >75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65–years, sex category; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; IQR, interquartile range; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
a
Tissue aortic valve replacement and ascending aorta replacement with tube graft; acute myocardial infarction with placement of drug‐eluting stent.
b
Includes patients who switched anticoagulant therapy; CHA2DS2‐VASc was calculated only for patients with atrial fibrillation.