Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample
| Overall (N = 421) | None (n = 208) | OSA (n = 115) | ADHD (n = 54) | ADHD+OSA (n = 44) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Male (%) | 53.9 | 39.9 | 66.1 | 66.7 | 72.7 | <.01* |
| Ethnic/Racial Minority (%) | 21.9 | 16.8 | 31.3 | 18.5 | 25.0 | .021* |
| Age (years) | 16.4 ± 2.3 | 16.1 ± 2.2 | 17.2 ± 2.3 | 15.8 ± 2.0 | 17.0 ± 2.1 | <.01* |
| Tanner stage (score) | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 0.446 |
| BMI (percentile) | 65.3 ± 28.4 | 61.4 ± 29.5 | 73.2 ± 25.3 | 58.9 ± 25.1 | 71.1 ± 30.0 | <.01* |
| Normal weight (%) | 66.0 | 70.7 | 53.9 | 81.5 | 56.8 | <.01* |
| Overweight (%) | 18.8 | 14.9 | 27.8 | 16.7 | 15.9 | |
| Obesity (%) | 15.2 | 14.4 | 18.3 | 1.9 | 27.3 | |
| Adenotonsillectomy (%) | 11.4 | 8.2 | 15.7 | 13.0 | 13.6 | .208 |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | ||||||
| None (%) | 34.2 | 34.1 | 35.7 | 37.0 | 27.3 | <.01* |
| Self-reported (%) | 38.2 | 42.8 | 41.7 | 24.1 | 25.0 | |
| Observed (%) | 27.6 | 23.1 | 22.6 | 38.9 | 47.7 | |
| Medication use | ||||||
| Allergy/asthma (%) | 21.6 | 24.5 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 11.4 | .278 |
| Steroid (%) | 6.9 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 1.9 | 6.8 | .475 |
| Other physical health (%)a | 25.7 | 25.0 | 22.6 | 31.5 | 29.5 | .590 |
| Stimulant (%) | 9.7 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 40.7 | 38.6 | <.01* |
| Sleep (%) | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 5.6 | 2.3 | .179 |
| Other psychoactive (%)b | 8.6 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 18.5 | 18.2 | <.01* |
Data are mean ± SD. BMI, body mass index.
*
p < .05
a
Other physical health medications included insulin, anti-hypertensive, and cardiac medications.
b
Other psychoactive medications included antidepressants and anxiolytic and other sedatives.