Table 3.
Neurocognitive and behavioral functioning across study subgroups
| 1. None (n = 208) | 2. OSA (n = 115) | 3. ADHD (n = 54) | 4. ADHD+OSA (n = 44) | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 1 vs. 4 | 2 vs. 4 | 3 vs. 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Neurocognitive | |||||||||
| Vigilance | 103.6 ± 0.9 | 103.5 ± 1.3 | 99.2 ± 1.9 | 99.5 ± 2.1 | .942 | .035* | .085 | .102 | .915 |
| Processing speed | 10.1±.1 | 10.0±.2 | 8.6 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | .525 | <.001* | .050* | .142 | .041* |
| Distractibility | 108.1 ± 0.7 | 108.2 ± 0.9 | 104.6 ± 1.4 | 106.1 ± 1.6 | .929 | .020* | .247 | .260 | .442 |
| Working memory | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 7.0±.2 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | .615 | .023* | .001* | .411 | .244 |
| Control interference | 38.6 ± 0.6 | 38.8 ± 0.8 | 42.2 ± 1.1 | 41.3 ± 1.3 | .823 | .005* | .060 | .093 | .594 |
| Achievement | 105.1 ± 0.7 | 105.5 ± 0.9 | 96.0 ± 1.3 | 97.7 ± 1.5 | .769 | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .389 |
| Intelligence quotient | 105.9 ± 0.7 | 104.9 ± 1.0 | 100.6 ± 1.4 | 99.9 ± 1.6 | .419 | .001* | .001* | .007* | .746 |
| Internalizing problems | 50.1 ± 0.7 | 49.8 ± 1.0 | 53.9 ± 1.4 | 53.0 ± 1.6 | .811 | .021* | .108 | .084 | .689 |
| Anxious depressed | 53.6 ± 0.4 | 53.4 ± 0.7 | 55.0 ± 0.8 | 55.3 ± 0.9 | .752 | .131 | .095 | .066 | .800 |
| Withdrawn depressed | 54.6 ± 0.5 | 54.4 ± 0.7 | 58.0 ± 1.0 | 56.6 ± 1.7 | .840 | .002* | .095 | .079 | .327 |
| Somatic complaints | 55.3 ± 0.5 | 55.0 ± 0.7 | 57.0 ± 0.9 | 57.4 ± 1.0 | .761 | .106 | .071 | .050* | .777 |
| Attention problems | 53.6 ± 0.5 | 54.6 ± 0.6 | 61.2 ± 0.9 | 60.5 ± 1.0 | .203 | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .609 |
| Thought problems | 53.9 ± 0.4 | 53.9 ± 0.6 | 59.0 ± 0.8 | 58.5 ± 0.9 | .967 | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .701 |
| Externalizing problems | 47.7 ± 0.7 | 46.6 ± 0.9 | 55.7 ± 1.3 | 53.5 ± 1.5 | .350 | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .244 |
| Rule-breaking behaviors | 52.9 ± 0.4 | 53.3 ± 0.5 | 57.3 ± 0.8 | 56.4 ± 0.8 | .599 | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .428 |
| Aggressive behaviors | 52.8 ± 0.4 | 52.7 ± 0.5 | 57.1 ± 0.7 | 56.2 ± 0.8 | .841 | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .413 |
| DSM-oriented scales | |||||||||
| Anxious problems | 53.4 ± 0.4 | 53.5 ± 0.5 | 55.1 ± 0.7 | 55.2 ± 0.8 | .846 | .034* | .038* | .062 | .898 |
| Somatic problems | 54.8 ± 0.5 | 54.9 ± 0.7 | 56.0 ± 1.0 | 57.3 ± 1.1 | .889 | .273 | .048* | .069 | .404 |
| ADHD problems | 53.3 ± 0.4 | 54.1 ± 0.6 | 62.4 ± 0.8 | 61.4 ± 0.9 | .264 | <.001* | <.001* | <.001* | .430 |
Data are mean ± SEM adjusted for covariates. p-Values are post-hoc comparisons from multivariable-adjusted linear models.
*
p < .05.