Table 10.

Illustrative examples of publications undertaking conformance analysis on derived de facto patient pathways

References	Notable for
Lenkowicz et al. [47]	Application of pMineR library to conformance analysis of translated clinical guidelines
Poelmans et al. [48]	Identification of quality of care issues at individual and group levels; subsets of patients with more complex care needs and pathways; and requirement for redesign of formal care pathway
Li et al. [49]	Determination of odds-ratios for the effect on outcomes of a variation in practice
Hwang et al. [50] Yang and Hwang [51]	Detection of non-standard clinical practice identifying fraudulent reimbursement claims
Bouarfa and Dankelman [52]	Outlying practices in laparoscopic surgery workflows identified from video-derived physical position process model