Table 2.

Causal effects of obstructive sleep apnea on atrial fibrillation from multivariable Mendelian randomization

Exposure	Obstructive sleep apnea
Model	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Unadjusted model	1.210 (1.119–1.307)	1.51 × 10–6
Adjusted for BMI	1.185 (1.083–1.295)	1.98 × 10–4
Adjusted for hypertension	1.221 (1.124–1.327)	2.47 × 10–6
Adjusted for SBP	1.237 (1.097–1.395)	5.36 × 10–4
Adjusted for DBP	1.210 (1.069–1.369)	2.58 × 10–3
Adjusted for T2D	1.146 (1.024–1.283)	1.75 × 10–2
Adjusted for LDL-C	1.149 (1.012–1.305)	3.18 × 10–2
Adjusted for HDL-C	1.172 (1.024–1.341)	2.09 × 10–2
Adjusted for TG	1.284 (1.149–1.435)	1.07 × 10–5
Adjusted for snoring	1.216 (1.059–1.397)	5.55 × 10–3

The results are presented as odds ratios (95% CIs) for the effect of per one-unit increase of log odds of obstructive sleep apnea

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides