Table 1.

Baseline maternal characteristics

	Total (n = 678)
Age, years	30.1 ± 4.8
Body mass indexa, kg/m2	23.5 (21.3-26.7)
Duration of diabetesb, years	14 (7-20)
Multiple daily injections	305/678 (45)
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion	373/678 (55)
Prepregnancy glycated hemoglobin, %	7.2 (6.5-8.1)
No complication	462/632 (73.1)
Diabetic nephropathy	44/677 (6.5)
Hypertension	25/676 (3.7)
Nulliparity	260/677 (38.4)
History of macrosomia	85/672 (12.6)

Values are expressed as the number/total number (%), mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).

^a 45 missing values.

^b 5 missing values.