Representative dot-plots (left) and histograms (right) of the effect of TGF-β on human Tfh cell differentiation and SATB1 repression, respectively. Increased in vitro expression of human CXCR5+PD-1hi Tfh cells markers from peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence of TGF-β, under different Tfh cell skewing conditions: (A) (lower panel) hIL-23 plus hIL-10; (upper panel) hIL-23; (B) (lower panel) hIL-12 plus hIL-10; (upper panel) hIL-12. (C) TGF-β-dependent Tfh cell differentiation was associated with lower levels of SATB1 (D), as determined by intracellular staining. A-D data (n=3) are representative of two independent experiments with similar results and represent mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001.