Table 2.
Association between energy and nutrient intake and adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top
| Quartile of the Japanese Food Guide spinning top score | ra | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 1756) | Q2 (n = 1756) | Q3 (n = 1755) | Q4 (n = 1755) | ||
| Nutrients | |||||
| Calibrated EI [kcal/day]b | 2294 | 2151 | 2047 | 1995 | − 0.23 |
| Uncalibrated EI [kcal/day] | 1832 | 1722 | 1702 | 1697 | − 0.05 |
| Protein [% energy/day] | 10.7 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 0.28 |
| Fat [% energy/day] | 19.1 | 23.3 | 25.9 | 28.7 | 0.35 |
| Carbohydrate [% energy/day] | 55.9 | 56.0 | 55.7 | 55.6 | − 0.01 |
| SFA [g/1000 kcal/day] | 5.4 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 0.26 |
| MUFA [g/1000 kcal/day] | 8.2 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 0.29 |
| PUFA [g/1000 kcal/day] | 7.0 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 0.27 |
| n-6 PUFA [g/1000 kcal/day] | 6.0 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 0.28 |
| n-3 PUFA [g/1000 kcal/day] | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.29 |
| Cholesterol [mg/1000 kcal/day] | 108 | 119 | 122 | 125 | 0.12 |
| Vitamin A [µg RE/1000 kcal/day]c | 393 | 477 | 520 | 492 | 0.11 |
| Vitamin D [µg/1000 kcal/day] | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.03 |
| α-Tocopherol [mg/1000 kcal/day] | 4.5 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 0.28 |
| Folate [µg/1000 kcal/day] | 143 | 174 | 191 | 216 | 0.34 |
| Vitamin C [mg/1000 kcal/day] | 41 | 52 | 61 | 75 | 0.46 |
| Sodium [mg/1000 kcal/day] | 897 | 972 | 978 | 981 | 0.08 |
| Potassium [mg/1000 kcal/day] | 978 | 1101 | 1161 | 1226 | 0.29 |
| Iron [mg/1000 kcal/day] | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 0.19 |
| Calcium [mg/1000 kcal/day] | 224 | 271 | 309 | 331 | 0.31 |
| Total dietary fiber [g/1000 kcal/day] | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 0.28 |
| Alcohol [g/1000 kcal/day] | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | − 0.22 |
| Food | |||||
| Grains [g/1000 kcal/day] | 272 | 262 | 253 | 247 | − 0.15 |
| Vegetables [g/1000 kcal/day] | 59 | 85 | 99 | 126 | 0.42 |
| Fruits [g/1000 kcal/day] | 13 | 25 | 44 | 70 | 0.56 |
| Dairies [g/1000 kcal/day] | 6 | 42 | 81 | 95 | 0.46 |
| Red meats [g/1000 kcal/day] | 11 | 12 | 12 | 9 | − 0.03 |
| White meats [g/1000 kcal/day] | 34 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 0.19 |
| Confectionery [g/1000 kcal/day] | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | − 0.13 |
All values are shown medians or correlation coefficients. Nutrient intake was adjusted for energy intake via the nutrient density method, using uncalibrated energy intake. Values are shown as medians in each quartile group. Q1 through Q4 included Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top scores of < 49.5, 49.5–54.8, 54.9–60.1, and ≥ 60.2. EI, energy intake; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid
aSpearman’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between nutrient intake and adherence score
bCalibrated EI was calculated using an equation developed by the authors
cSum of retinol, β-carotene/12, α-carotene/24, and cryptoxanthin/24