Table 2.
The characteristics of the sample population for included studies
| Authors & year of publication | Sample characteristics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | Age range (mean) | % Female (n =) | Chronic disease | |||
| Intervention | Comparison | Intervention | Comparison | |||
| Jang et al. 2018 [33] | 22 (Control = 11) | 66–70 (68.6) | 68–76 (72.5) | 17% (3) | 45% (5) | None reported—although included prefrail group screened using the cardiovascular health frailty phenotype criteria |
| Jindo et al. 2016 [34] | 68 (Control = 34) | 67–73 (70.0) | 66–74 (70.0) | 91.2% (31) | 91.2% (31) | None reported—ambulant and living independently |
| Jindo et al. 2017 [35] | 46 | 66.6–73.6 (70.1) | N/A | 87% (40) | N/A | None reported—ambulant and living independently |
| Lin et al. 2006 [36] | 88 | 65 + (upper range and mean not specified) | N/A | 68.2% (60) | N/A | Yes, 68.2% reported at least 1 comorbid condition (not specified) |
| McMahon et al. 2016 [37] | 30 (Control = 14) | 78.9–88.3 (83.6) | 78.9–88.3 (83.6) | 93.3% (15) | 93.3% (13) | None reported |
| Muscari et al. 2010 [38] | 120 (Control = 60) | 66.3–71.3 (68.8) | 66.8–72.4 (69.6) | 47.7% (28) | 50% (30) | 5% COPD, 73.3% Hypertension, 60.8% Hypercholesterolaemia |
| Okumiya et al. 1996 [39] | 42 (Control = 21) | 75–87 (78.8) | 75–87 (78.8) | 57.1% (12) | 57.1% (12) | None reported |
| Snapp et al. 2009 [40] | 19 (Control = 9) | > 65 (85) | > 65 (85) | 80% (8) | 100% (9) | None reported—Participants living at an assisted living facility or an independent living facility |
| Sowle et al. 2017 [41] | 265 | 65–85 + | N/A | 83.4% (221) | N/A | None reported—ambulant and living independently |
| Tarazona-Santabalbina et al. 2016 [42] | 100 (Control = 49) | 76.1–83.3 (79.7) | 76.6–84 (80.3) | 56.9% (29) | 51% (25) | 77% Hypertension, 46% Hyperlipidaemia, 8% COPD |
| Wang et al. 2014 [43] | 520 (Group 1* = 431) | 68.53–80.81 (74.67) | 71.45–82.01 (76.73) | 65% (280) | 68.5% (61) | None reported |
| Yates and Dunnagan 2001 [27] | 37 (Control = 19) | 67–90 (76) | 69–88 (78) | 72.2% (13) | 68.4% (13) | None reported |
*Group 1 = nursing home group intervention vs Group 2 = community-dwelling intervention