Table 3.
Methodology for intervention groups of the included studies
| Authors & year of publication | Exercise group | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention duration | Total sessions (frequency) | Session duration (minutes) | Exercise type | Delivery mode | Supervision | Supervised by health professional | Adherence—range (mean) | Influence of adherence | |
| Jang et al. 2018 [33] | 13 month (6 month coaching, 1-month rest, 6-month self-management) | No sessions—coaching consisted of notification messages sent to wearable device with step count goals | N/A | Walking | Externally, via wearable device | Un-supervised | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Jindo et al. 2016 [34] | 11 weeks | 11 (1/week) | 90 | Square-stepping | In-person group | Supervised | No | 72.7%—100% (93.6%) | N/A |
| Jindo et al. 2017 [35] | 11 weeks | 11 (1/week) | 90 | Square-stepping | In-person group | Supervised | No | 63.6%—100% (91.8%) | N/A |
| Lin et al. 2006 [36] | 52 weeks | No specific session number was set (sessions offered 6 days/week) | 60 | Chen-style tai chi | In-person group | Supervised | No | 49%—87% (63%) | Physical inability to get to the places where the group exercise was conducted |
| McMahon et al. 2016 [37] | 8 weeks | 8 (1/week) | 90 | Strengthening, balance retraining, flexibility, walking | In-person small group and encouraged externally | Supervised and Un-supervised | Yes | Not reported | N/A |
| Muscari et al. 2010 [38] | 52 weeks | 156 (3/week) | 60 | Endurance exercise training | In-person groups of ~ 20 | Supervised | Yes | Not reported | N/A |
| Okumiya et al. 1996 [39] | 24 week | 48 (2/week) | 60 | Mix exercise group | In-person group | Supervised | Yes | 59%-100% (86%) | Opportunity for social interaction |
| Snapp et al. 2009 [40] | 8 weeks | 24 (3/week) | 30 | 10-Step Tai Chi | In-person group | Supervised | No | 44% | N/A |
| Sowle et al. 2017 [41] | 8 week | 16 (2/week) | 30–60 | Life Program | In-person group | Supervised | No | 58% | N/A |
| Tarazona-Santabalbina et al. 2016 [42] | 24 week | 120 (5/week) | 65 | Multicomponent Exercise Program and nutritional education | In-person group | Supervised | No | 38.7%-55.7% (47.3%) | N/A |
| Wang et al. 2014 [43] | 24 week | 48 (2/week) | 120 | Seniors health promotion program delivered by senior nurses | In-person group | Supervised | Yes | Not reported | N/A |
| Yates and Dunnagan 2001 [27] | 10 weeks | 12 + | 15 | Fall risk education, home-based exercise programming (improving strength, coordination, balance, mobility through chair exercises), nutrition counselling, and environmental hazards education | In-person orientation, exercises encouraged at home | Un-supervised | N/A | 72.20% | N/A |