Table 4.
The specific intervention method for included studies
| Study | Exercise intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type (e.g., aerobic or resistance) | Specific exercises | Duration (minutes) | Duration (minutes/ week) | Meets WHO guidelines | |
| Jang et al. 2018 [33] | Walking | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Jindo et al. 2016 [34] | Square-stepping | Warm-up (15 min), square stepping exercise (40 min), a recreational activity (20 min), and cool-down (15 min) | 90 | 90 | X |
| Jindo et al. 2017 [35] | Square-stepping | Warm-up (15 min), square stepping exercise (40 min), a recreational activity (20 min), and cool-down (15 min) | 90 | 90 | X |
| Lin et al. 2006 [36] | Chen-style tai chi | Warm-up (10 min), chen-style tai chi—13 movements; not specified (45 min), and cool-down (5 min) | 60 | N/A | N/A |
| McMahon et al. 2016 [37] | Strengthening, balance retraining, flexibility, walking | Knee extensor, knee flexor, hip abductor, ankle flexors, ankle dorsiflexors, knee bends, backwards walking, walking and turning around, sideways walking, tandem stance, tandem walk, one leg stand, heel walking, toe walk, heel-toe backward walk, sit to stair walking, head flexibility, neck flexibility, back extension, trunk flexibility, ankle movement | 90 | 90 | X |
| Muscari et al. 2010 [38] | Endurance exercise training | Cycle ergometer, treadmill and free-body activity, in variable order according to machine availability | 60 | 180 | |
| Okumiya et al. 1996 [39] | Mix exercise group | Warm-up (5 min), light aerobic exercise; walking, balance, game playing, stretching, range of motion exercises, muscle strengthening exercises (50 min) and cool down (5 min) | 60 | 120 | X |
| Snapp et al. 2009 [40] | 10-step Tai Chi | Tai chi preparation- Raise arms, inhale. Sink elbows, hands follow, exhale. Part the wild horse main, white crane spreads its wing, brush knee and twist step, hands strum the lute, step back and whirl arms, grasp the birds tail (left and right), single whip, wave hands as clouds, single whip | 30 | 90 | X |
| Sowle et al. 2017 [41] | Life PROGRAM | Exercise using Xbox Kinect exergaming technology using Kinect Sports | 30–60 | 60–120 | X |
| Tarazona-Santabalbina et al. 2016 [42] | Multicomponent Exercise Program and nutritional education | Proprioception and balance exercises (10–15 min), aerobic training (initially at 40% of maximum heart rate increasing progressively to 65%), strength training (initially at 25% of 1 repetition maximum to 75%), and stretching | 65 | 325 | |
| Wang et al. 2014 [43] | Seniors health promotion program delivered by senior nurses | Education; how to: choose a healthy diet, maintain oral hygiene, prevent falls, engage in physical activity, self- protect, be responsible for health, manage stress, and use resources (90 min), mild exercise (30 min) | 120 | 240 | |
| Yates and Dunnagan 2001 [27] | Multicomponent Exercise Program and nutritional education | Fall risk education, home-based exercise programming (improving strength, coordination, balance, mobility through chair exercises), nutrition counselling, and environmental hazards education | 15 | N/A | N/A |