Skip to main content
. 2022 Feb 14;30(22):61411–61429. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19153-7

Table 10.

Raw values of affordability indicators from 2000 to 2016

Affordability Raw values
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Crude oil price ($/barrel) 28.66 24.46 24.99 28.85 38.26 54.57 65.16 72.44 96.94 61.74 79.61 111.26 111.63 108.56 98.97 52.32 43.64
Gas price ($/Mbtu) 4.23 4.07 3.33 5.63 5.85 8.79 6.76 6.95 8.85 3.89 4.39 4.01 2.76 3.71 4.35 2.60 2.46
Coal price ($/tons) 35.99 39.03 31.65 43.60 72.08 60.54 64.11 88.79 147.67 70.66 92.50 121.52 92.50 81.69 75.38 56.64 60.09
Electricity price* (MAD/kWh) 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90

*The electricity retail price included in the metric is quoted in dirham (MAD) excluding VAT (14%), 1 USD = 9.68 MAD in July 2021