Table 3.

Kinase genes useful for incorporating multiple stress tolerance in plants.

Gene (kinase)	Transgenic plant	Response to abiotic stress	References
NPK1	Zea mays	Tolerance to cold, heat and salinity	(Shou et al. 2004); (Pavlović et al. 2020); (Teige et al. 2004); (Jia et al. 2016); (Kovtun et al. 2000); (Long et al. 2014); (Xiong and Yang 2003); (Asano et al. 2012); (Pan et al. 2012a); (Cai et al. 2014); (Saijo et al. 2000); (He et al. 2013); (Shi et al. 2010)
NPK1	Brassica oleraceae var botrytis	Tolerance to salt
MKK2	Arabidopsis thaliana	Tolerance against salt and freezing Hypersensitive to salt and cold stress
GhRaf19	Nicotiana benthaniama	Over-expression increases cold tolerance but decreases drought and salt tolerance
NPK1	Nicotiana tabacum	Tolerance to drought, salt and cold
GbMPK3	Nicotiana tabacum	Tolerance to drought and oxidative stress and increases plant height
OsMAPK5	Oryza sativa	Tolerance to salt, drought and cold
OsCPK12	Oryza sativa	Tolerance to salt and susceptibility to rice blast
ZmMPK17	Nicotiana tabacum	Tolerance against osmotic stress, cold and viral pathogens
	Nicotiana tabacum	Tolerance to chilling and pathogen defense
CDPK7	Oryza sativa	Tolerance to cold, drought and salinity
GhCIPK6	Arabidopsis thaliana	Tolerance to salt, drought and ABA stress
GhMPK7	Nicotiana benthamiana	Resistance to fungus Colletotrichum nicotianae and Virus PVY; Regulation of plant growth and development; Resistance to pathogen infection