Table 6.
Some important genes for conferring traits beneficial for better crops.
| Trait | Gene | References |
|---|---|---|
| Bioavailability | Phytate degradation (Phytase) |
(White and Broadley 2009); (Bouis 2000); (Devappa et al. 2012); (Shewry and Ward 2012); (Shi et al. 2005); (Brinch-Pedersen et al. 2002); (Matuschek et al. 2001); (Shi et al. 2005); (Lucca et al. 2001); (Chen et al. 2003); (Caimi et al. 1996); (Ali et al. 2013); (Aggarwal et al. 2018); (Ibrahim et al. 2021) |
| Phytate biosynthesis (MIK) | ||
| Cysteine synthesis (rgMT) | ||
| Vitamin synthesis (DHAR) | ||
| Inulin biosynthesis (SacB) | ||
| Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1) | ||
| Seed filling | Mineral transporters for phloem unloading (YSL, HMA, Nramp) |
(Chu et al. 2010); (Jean et al. 2005); (Tauris et al. 2009); (Liao et al. 2012); (Lucca et al. 2001); (Goto et al. 2000); (Vasconcelos et al. 2003); (Murray-Kolb et al. 2002); (Lanquar et al. 2005) ; (Kim et al. 2006) |
| Nutrient storage proteins (ferritin, glutelin) | ||
| Vacuole Fe loading (VIT1, Nramp3, Nramp4) | ||
| Shoot transport | Mineral transporters for xylem unloading & phloem loading (FRO, ZIP, COPT) |
(Wu et al. 2005) ; (Bughio et al. 2002); (Cohen et al. 2004); (Eckhardt et al. 2001); (Wintz et al. 2003); (Tauris et al. 2009) ; (del Pozo et al. 2010); (Chu et al. 2010); (Jean et al. 2005); (Tauris et al. 2009) |
| Mineral phloem mobility: increased synthesis of mineral chelators such as ITP or NA (YSL, OPT) | ||
| Root uptake & xylem loading | Mineral transporters (IRT, ZIP, YS, IREG, HMA, FRD3, MTP3) |
(Wong and Cobbett 2009); (Arrivault et al. 2006) ; (Durrett et al. 2007); (Green and Rogers 2004); (Tauris et al. 2009); (Wu et al. 2005); (Durrett et al. 2007); (Green and Rogers 2004) |
| Phytosiderophore secretion (YS, NAS) | ||
| Soil nutrient availability (FRO) | ||
| Organic acid release (FRD3) |