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. 2022 Feb 12;25(2):659–680. doi: 10.1007/s10796-022-10244-x

Table 3.

Participant Characteristics (Mean and Standard Deviation)

Measure Group 1
(n = 40)
Group 2
(n = 41)
Group 3
(n = 40)
Group 4
(n = 36)
F(3, 153) p
Gender 67.50 % 46.34 % 50 % 52.78 % 1.396 .246
Age 3.58 (1.40) 3.24 (0.80) 3.33 (1.02) 3.11 (0.67) 1.426 .237
Education 1.63 (0.67) 1.44 (0.59) 1.55 (0.64) 1.36 (0.54) 1.388 .248
Income 1.87 (1.34) 1.68 (1.00) 2.05 (1.53) 1.32 (0.83) 2.220 .088
Height 5.93 (1.59) 5.51 (1.75) 5.30 (2.16) 5.47 (1.65) 0.859 .464
VR experience 1.98 (1.10) 1.95 (1.00) 2.10 (1.01) 1.61 (0.84) 1.651 .180

 Gender was considered as a binary variable; the percentage of males in each group is presented in the table; Age was measured from 1 = less than 15 years old, 2 = 15-19, 3 = 20-24 to 11 = 60 or older; Education was measured from 1 = bachelor student, 2 = master student and 3 = PhD student; Income (pre-tax) was measured from 1 = 0-499 euros, 2 = 500-999 euros to 9 = 4000 euros or more; Height was measured from 1 = 150 cm or less, 2 = 151-155 cm, 3 = 156-160 cm, to 8 = Above 180 cm; VR experience was measured by the frequency of using VR devices, ranging from 1 = never, 4 = sometimes, to 7 = every day