Table 1.
Representative examples of leaves used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles
| Name of the plant | Nanoparticle size (nm) | Nanoparticle shape | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. indica (neem) | 20 | Triangular | [52] |
| Actaea racemosa (Black bugbane) | 3–9 | Spherical | [53] |
| Aegle marmelos (Vilvam) | 14–28 | Spherical | [54] |
| Aloe sp., | 5 | Spherical | [53] |
| Aloe vera | 70–192 | Spherical | [55] |
| Aloe vera | 10–30 | Spherical | [56] |
| Alternanthera dentata (Purple Joyweed) | 10–80 | Spherical | [57] |
| Amaranthus gangeticus (Elephant head) | 11–15 | Spherical | [58] |
| Anisomeles indica—Indian Catmint | 18–35 | Spherical | [59] |
| Annona squamosa (Sugar apple) | 200–500 | Irregularly spherical | [60] |
| Anthemis atropatana (plant) extract | 10–80 | Spherical | [61] |
| Arbutus Unedo (Strawberry) | 20–30 | Spherical | [62] |
| Argemone mexicana | 10–50 | Cubic, hexagonal | [63] |
| Artemisia turcomanica (Wormwood) | 4–42 | Spherical | [64] |
| Banana leaves | 50 | Spherical | [52] |
| Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) | 40 | Spherical | [65] |
| black pepper leaf | 5–50 | Spherical | [66] |
| Boerhaavia diffusa (Mookarati saarai) | 24–25 | Spherical | [67] |
| Buddleja globosa | 2–5 | Spherical | [68] |
| Butea monosperma—(Palash teak) | 10–100 | Spherical, triangular, hexagonal | [69] |
| Cadaba indica lam (Viluthi leaf) | 30–60 | Spherical | [70] |
| Carica papaya | 10–50 | Cubical | [71] |
| Carica papaya | 50–250 | Spherical | [72] |
| Carob leaf extract | 5–40 | Spherical | [73] |
| Cassia Roxburghii (Ceylon senna) | 57–95 | Spherical, triangular, truncated triangular, decahedral | [74] |
| Chamomile (a tea plant) | 20–70 | Spherical | [75] |
| Chrysanthemum indicum(Saamanthi) | 38–72 | Spherical | [76] |
| Citrullus colocynthis (Kumatti) | 1–60 | Spherical | [77] |
| Coleus aromaticus | 25–27 | Spherical | [78] |
| Coleus aromaticus—Mexican Mint | 20–30 | Spherical | [79] |
| Commelina benghalensis | 13–51 | Spherical | [80] |
| Crocus Haussknechtii Bois | 16 | Spherical | [81] |
| Cycas circinalis, | 13–51 | Spherical | [80] |
| Cycas Leaf (Panai Peyarani) | 2–6 | Spherical | [82] |
| Cynodon dactylon (Arugampul) | 25–60 | Spherical | [56] |
| Datura metel (Oomaththai) | 16–40 | Spherical | [83] |
| Diopyros kaki | 32 | Spherical | [84] |
| Eclipta leaf | 2–6 | Spherical | [82] |
| Eucalyptus | 4–60 | Spherical | [85] |
| Eucalyptus angophoroides | 3–15 | Spherical | [53] |
| Eucalyptus chapmaniana | 60 | – | [86] |
| Eucalyptus globulus | 1.9–25 | Spherical, oval | [87] |
| Eucalyptus leucoxylon | 50 | Spherical | [88] |
| Eucalyptus oleosa | 14–26 | Spherical | [89] |
| Ferocactus Echidne (Mexican Cactus) | 20–60 | Elliptical | [90] |
| Ficus amplissima | 13–51 | Spherical | [80] |
| Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) | 16 | Spherical | [91] |
| Fraxinus excelsior | 25–40 | Spherical | [92] |
| Galega officinalis (Professor weed) | 23–220 | Spherical | [93] |
| Ginkgo biloba | 32 | Spherical | [84] |
| Glaucium corniculatum | 45–53 | Spherical | [94] |
| Green and Black tea leaves | 10–20 | Spherical | [95] |
| Green tea | 6–8.5 | Spherical | [96] |
| Green tea leaves | 25–75 | Spherical | [97] |
| Hamamelis virginiana Leaf (American Witch hazel) | 8–35 | Spherical | [98] |
| Heritiera fomes | 20–100 | – | [99] |
| Hydrilla verticillata | – | Spherical | [100] |
| Iresine herbstii (Chicken Gizzard) | 44–64 | Spherical | [101] |
| Ixora coccinea leaves (Jungle Geranium) | 13–57 | Spherical | [102] |
| Justicia glauca (thavasi murungai) | 10–20 | Spherical | [103] |
| Lantana camara (Unni Chedi) | 20–34 | Spherical | [104] |
| Leptadenia reticulata (Palaikkodi) | 50–70 | Spherical | [105] |
| Lippia nodiflora | 13–51 | Spherical | [80] |
| Lonerica japonica | 20–60 | Spherical, hexagonal | [106] |
| Lysiloma acapulcensis (Legume Plant) | 1.2–62 | Spherical | [107] |
| M. pudica—Thottal sinungi (Mimosaceae) | 20–60 | Spherical | [108] |
| Magnolia grandiflora | 32 | Spherical | [84] |
| Mangosteen leaf | 6–57 | Spherical | [109] |
| Mentha piperita (Peppermint) | 20–50 | Spherical | [110] |
| Mimusops elengi Leaf (Spanish Cherry) | 55–83 | Spherical | [111] |
| Moringa oleifera—Drumstick tree | 9–11 | Spherical | [112] |
| Mulberry Leaves | 20–40 | Spherical | [113] |
| Murraya koenigii (Kari Vembu) | 20–35 | Spherical | [114] |
| Murraya Koenigii Leaf (Kari vembu) | 10–20 | Spherical | [115] |
| Mussaenda glabrata | 11–51 | Spherical | [116] |
| Myrica esculenta (Box berry) | 45–80 | Spherical | [117] |
| Nelumbo nucifera (Yellow Lotus) | 25–80 | Spherical, triangle, decahedral | [118] |
| Nicotiana tobaccum | 7–9 | Irregularly spherical | [119] |
| O.sanctum (tulsi) | 50 | cuboidal | [52] |
| O. tenuiflorum (black tulsi) | 20 | Hexagonal, pentagonal | [52] |
| Ocimum sanctum | 40–50 | Spherical | [120] |
| Ocimum gratissimum | 17 | Cuboidal | [121] |
| Ocimum sanctum | 6–110 | Triangular | [122] |
| Ocimum Sanctum (Tulsi) | 11–17 | Spherical | [123] |
| ocimum sp., | 3–20 | Spherical | [124] |
| Olive leaf | 20–25 | Spherical | [125] |
| Origanum heracleoticum | 30–40 | Spherical | [126] |
| Osmanthus Fragrans (Olive Variety) | 2–30 | Spherical | [127] |
| Padina tetrastromatica | 10–100 | Spherical | [128] |
| Paederia foetida (Gandha Prasarini) | 4–15 | Spherical | [129] |
| Parkia speciose (Bitter bean/Avara Paruppu) | 26–39 | Spherical | [130] |
| Parthenium leaf | 30–80 | Irregular | [131] |
| Pedalium murex (Yanai Nerunjil) | 20–50 | Spherical | [132] |
| Pine roxburghii | 32 | Spherical | [84] |
| Pineapple leaf | 7080 | Spherical | [133] |
| Piper nigrum | 7–50 | Spherical | [134] |
| Piper nigrum | 5–50 | Spherical | [68] |
| Platanus orientalis | 32 | Spherical | [84] |
| Plukenetia volubilis(Ankaaravalli) | 4–25 | Spherical | [135] |
| Portulaca oleracea (Tharai keerai) | 15–40 | Spherical | [56] |
| Prangos ferulacea (Medicinal plant) | 10–20 | Spherical | [136] |
| Prunus japonica—Japan bush cherry tree | 24–26 | Spherical | [137] |
| Prunus persica | 40–98 | Spherical | [138] |
| Rhizophora mucronata (Mangrove plant) | 4–26 | Spherical | [139] |
| Rosa rugosa (Rose) | 10–35 | Triangular, hexagonal | [140] |
| Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) | 10–33 | Spherical | [141] |
| Salvia spinosa (Mint family) | 19–125 | Spherical | [142] |
| Salvinia molesta | 1–35 | Spherical | [143] |
| Saraca indica (Ashoka tree) | 51–230 | Spherical | [144] |
| Securinega leucopyrus (Plant) | 11–20 | Spherical, oval | [145] |
| Sesbania grandiflora (Agaththi) | 10–25 | Spherical | [146] |
| Sida acuta—Arivaalmanai Poondu | 20–60 | Triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal | [147] |
| Skimmia laureola (Ornamental Shrub) | 38–46 | Spherical, hexagonal | [148] |
| Sonneratia apetala | 20–100 | – | [99] |
| Strychnos potatorum (Thethan Kottai) | 20–62 | Cubical, hexagonal | [149] |
| Taxus baccata (English Yew) | 75–91 | Spherical | [150] |
| Tea leaf | 20–90 | Spherical | [151] |
| Tecomella undulata | 32–46 | Spherical | [22] |
| Terminalia arjuna (Marudha maram) | 10–50 | Spherical | [152] |
| Terminalia arjuna (Marudha maram) | 8–16 | Irregular-shaped | [153] |
| Terminalia chebula | 10–30 | Spherical | [154] |
| Terrestrial fern—Gleichenia Pectinata | 4–10 | Spherical | [155] |
| Thymbra spicata (Plant) | 20–50 | Spherical | [156] |
| Vitex Negundo Leaf (Vellai nochchi) | 10–30 | Cubical | [157] |
| Water hyacinth | 3–10 | Spherical | [158] |
| Wheatgrass | 21–32 | Spherical | [159] |
| Ziziphora tenuior (Turkey herb) | 8–40 | Spherical | [160] |