Table 3.
Characteristics of Those Who Had a Caregiving Need at First Full Interview by Unmet Need (n = 245)
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 245) |
Unmet need, no. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 200) |
No (n = 45) |
p value | ||
| Age, mean ± SD | 61.43 ± 5.0 | 61.40 ± 4.9 | 61.58 ± 5.4 | 0.83 |
| Women | 74 (30.2) | 55 (27.5) | 19 (42.2) | 0.05 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.76 | |||
| Black | 198 (80.8) | 161 (80.5) | 37 (82.2) | |
| White | 23 (9.4) | 18 (9.0) | 5 (11.1) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 13 (5.3) | 12 (6.0) | 1 (2.2) | |
| Mixed | 11 (4.5) | 9 (4.5) | 2 (4.4) | |
| Homeless | 147 (60.0) | 127 (63.5) | 20 (44.4) | 0.02 |
| Current housing | < 0.01 | |||
| Unsheltered/shelter | 129 (52.7) | 111 (55.5) | 18 (40.0) | |
| Transitional housing | 12 (4.9) | 11 (5.5) | 1 (2.2) | |
| Permanent housing for homeless | 16 (6.5) | 10 (5.0) | 6 (13.3) | |
| Hotel/motel | 5 (2.0) | 3 (1.5) | 2 (4.4) | |
| Apartment/house | 75 (30.6) | 62 (31.0) | 13 (28.9) | |
| Institution | 8 (3.3) | 3 (1.5) | 5 (11.1) | |
| Single/never married | 147 (60.0) | 113 (56.5) | 34 (75.6) | 0.04 |
| Education | 0.76 | |||
| Less than high school | 75 (30.6) | 61 (30.5) | 14 (31.1) | |
| High school/GED | 35 (14.3) | 30 (15.0) | 5 (11.1) | |
| More than high school | 131 (53.5) | 105 (52.5) | 26 (57.8) | |
| Worked for pay in last 30 days | 20 (8.2) | 19 (9.5) | 1 (2.2) | 0.11 |
| Income ≥ $1000 | 51 (20.8) | 43 (21.5) | 8 (17.8) | 0.58 |
| Binge drinking | 23 (9.4) | 22 (11.0) | 1 (2.2) | 0.06 |
| Ever hospitalized for mental health problems | 28 (11.4) | 22 (11.0) | 6 (13.3) | 0.66 |
| Problematic use of cocaine, opioids, or amphetamine | 0.03 | |||
| Moderate-high risk (≥ 4) | 93 (38) | 70 (35.0) | 23 (51.1) | |
| Any confidant | 183 (74.7) | 145 (72.5) | 38 (84.4) | 0.13 |
| Number of confidants | 0.29 | |||
| 1–5 confidants | 165 (67.3) | 131 (65.5) | 34 (75.6) | |
| ≥ 5 confidants | 17 (6.9) | 13 (6.5) | 4 (8.9) | |
| Self-reported health status | 0.08 | |||
| Fair/poor | 140 (57.1) | 109 (54.5) | 31 (68.9) | |
| Falls in past 6 months | 79 (32.2) | 58 (29.0) | 21 (46.7) | 0.02 |
| ≥ 1 ADL difficulty | 133 (54.3) | 94 (47.0) | 39 (86.7) | < 0.01 |
| ≥ 1 IADL difficulty | 96 (39.2) | 71 (35.5) | 25 (55.6) | 0.01 |
| SPPB score < 10 | 175 (71.4) | 135 (67.5) | 40 (88.9) | < 0.01 |
| 3MS impaired (< 7th percentile) | 47 (19.2) | 43 (21.5) | 4 (8.9) | 0.07 |
| Number of chronic diseases | 0.01 | |||
| 1–2 diseases | 151 (61.6) | 120 (60.0) | 31 (68.9) | |
| ≥ 3 diseases | 36 (14.7) | 25 (12.5) | 11 (24.4) | |
| Chronic disease type | ||||
| Liver disease | 64 (26.1) | 52 (26.0) | 12 (26.7) | 0.93 |
| Kidney disease | 23 (9.4) | 19 (9.5) | 4 (8.9) | 0.90 |
| HIV/AIDS | 13 (5.3) | 10 (5.0) | 3 (6.7) | 0.65 |
| Lung disease | 92 (37.6) | 67 (33.5) | 25 (55.6) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 57 (23.3) | 43 (21.5) | 14 (31.1) | 0.17 |
| Arthritis | 132 (53.9) | 102 (51.0) | 30 (66.7) | 0.06 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 185 (75.5) | 145 (72.5) | 40 (88.9) | 0.02 |
ADL activities of daily living, IADL independent activity of daily living, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, 3MS Modified Mini-Mental State