Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of complication occurrence
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate binary logistic regression | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No complications 1693 patients |
Complication 139 patients |
P value | Sig. | Exp(B) | 95% C.I. for EXP(B) | ||
| Lower | Upper | ||||||
| Country | |||||||
| Egypt | 831 (92.1%) | 71 (7.9%) | |||||
| Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | 808 (92.2%) | 68 (7.8%) | 0.93 | ||||
| Mean age in years | 29 ± 12.4 | 29.61 ± 13.55 | 0.58 | ||||
| Age group | |||||||
| 12–39 years | 1338 (92.1%) | 114 (7.9%) | |||||
| 40–59 years | 215 (93.7%) | 17 (6.3%) | |||||
| > 60 | 50 (86.2%) | 8 (13.8%) | 0.16 | ||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 1022 (91.9%) | 90 (8.1%) | |||||
| Female | 617 (92.6%) | 49 (7.4%) | 0.58 | ||||
| Period | |||||||
| Pre-COVID | 1065 (94.2%) | 66 (5.8%) | 0.0001 | 0.004 | 1.747 | 1.198 | 2.548 |
| COVID | 574 (88.7%) | 73 (11.3%) | |||||
| Mean Alverado score | 7.41 ± 1.36 | 7.49 ± 1.27 | 0.51 | ||||
| Alvarado scoring | |||||||
| Low risk ≥ 4 | 93 (92.1%) | 8 (7.9%) | |||||
| Moderate risk 5–7 | 439 (93.8%) | 29 (6.2%) | 0.31 | ||||
| High risk 8–10 | 1107 (91.6%) | 102 (8.4%) | |||||
| Time from presentation to surgery (h) | |||||||
| Within 24 h (early presentation) | 1493 (92.8%) | 115 (7.2%) | 0.001 | 0.013 | Ref | ||
| 24–72 (borderline presentation) | 78 (82.1%) | 17 (17.9%) | 0.024 | 3.139 | 1.161 | 8.494 | |
| After > 72 h (late presentation) | 68 (90.7%) | 7 (9.3%) | 0.006 | 2.307 | 1.272 | 4.186 | |
| Presentation | |||||||
| Non-complicated appendicitis | 1494 (92.9%) | 114 (7.1%) | 0.234 | Ref | |||
| Complicated appendicitis | |||||||
| Peritoneal abscess | 18 (90%) | 2 (10%) | 0.004 | 0.104 | 0.533 | 0.250 | 1.139 |
| Peritonitis | 118 (84.9%) | 21 (15.1%) | 0.583 | 0.615 | 0.108 | 3.488 | |
| Appendicular mass | 9 (81.8%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.341 | 2.150 | 0.445 | 10.839 | |
| Mean leucocyte count | 11.95 ± 3.33 | 12.26 ± 2.92 | 0.3 | ||||
| Approach | |||||||
| Laparoscopic | 693 (91.3%) | 66 (8.7%) | 0.23 | ||||
| Open | 946 (92.8%) | 73 (7.2%) | |||||
| Pathology of appendix | |||||||
| Catarrhal appendicitis | 300 (94.6%) | 17 (12.2%) | 0.307 | 1.684 | 0.620 | 4.575 | |
| Suppurative appendicitis | 961 (92.4%) | 79 (7.6%) | 0.003 | 0.499 | 1.257 | 0.648 | 2.437 |
| Gangrenous appendicitis | 266 (87.5%) | 38 (12.5%) | 0.509 | 1.164 | 0.742 | 1.828 | |
| Normal appendix | 112 (95.7%) | 5 (4.3%) | 0.748 | Ref | |||
| Perforation | |||||||
| Yes | 133 (79.2%) | 35 (20.8%) | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 7.486 | 2.146 | 26.118 |
| No | 1506 (93.5%) | 104 (9.6%) | |||||
| Base status | |||||||
| Healthy | 1491 (93.3%) | 107 (6.7%) | 0.771 | Ref | |||
| Inflamed | 108 (82.4%) | 23 (17.6%) | 0.0001 | 0.515 | 0.634 | 0.161 | 2.500 |
| Necrotic | 40 (81.8%) | 9 (18.4%) | 0.965 | 0.980 | 0.403 | 2.384 | |
| Mean operation time in minutes | 46.75 ± 8.54 | 49.68 ± 10.4 | 0.002 | 0.474 | 0.992 | 0.970 | 1.014 |