Table 4.
Variability of the spatio-temporal parameters of healthy controls and people with multiple sclerosis
| HC (n = 20) |
PwMS mild disability (n = 14) | PwMS moderate disability (n = 18) | Test–retest × section | Test–retest × group | Section × group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test | Test | Retest | Test | Retest | r2 | Test–retest | Section | Group | ||||
| Cycle duration (%) | 30.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.012 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.87 | 0.16 |
| Cadence (%) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.07 | 0.41 | 0.087 | 0.69 | 0.93 | 0.38 | 0.10 |
| Stance phase (%) | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 1.5 ± 1.5 | 6.4 ± 3.4 | 4.3 ± 3.0 | 0.14 | 0.028 | 0.54 | 0.015 | 0.33 | < 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Swing time (%) | 2.4 ± 2.0 | 3.5 ± 3.7 | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 20.3 ± 6.3 | 7.2 ± 5.5 | 0.15 | 0.075 | 0.64 | 0.006 | 0.27 | < 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Load ratio (%) | 9.8 ± 7.1 | 17.7 ± 20.2 | 21.2 ± 24.7 | 21.7 ± 21.3 | 22.9 ± 24.6 | 0.07 | < 0.001 | 0.75 | 0.33 | 0.54 | < 0.001 | 0.36 |
| Foot flat ratio (%) | 7.4 ± 5.0 | 8.5 ± 8.3 | 10.3 ± 9.5 | 6.0 ± 4.3 | 9.3 ± 7.5 | 0.09 | < 0.001 | 0.541 | 0.65 | 0.94 | 0.018 | 0.11 |
| Push ratio (%) | 6.1 ± 5.4 | 10.7 ± 8.7 | 10.2 ± 8.4 | 16.5 ± 6.4 | 17.7 ± 5.3 | 0.10 | < 0.001 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.94 | 0.002 | 0.07 |
| Stride length (%) | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 21.2 ± 2.1 | 2.0 ± 2.6 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | 0.14 | 0.43 | 0.69 | < 0.001 | 0.64 |
| Gait speed (%) | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.2 ± 3.2 | 2.7 ± 3.0 | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | 0.5 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.008 | 0.95 |
| Max angular velocity (%) | 3.9 ± 3.0 | 5.9 ± 7.1 | 3.8 ± 2.8 | 15.9 ± 14.3 | 18.9 ± 18.4 | 0.19 | < 0.001 | 0.83 | < 0.001 | 0.97 | 0.006 | 0.85 |
| Foot pitch angle at heal strike (%) | 7.9 ± 4.8 | 20.3 ± 27.1 | 16.9 ± 23.0 | 51.7 ± 19.8 | 28.6 ± 26.3 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.014 | 0.71 |
| Foot pitch angle at toe off (%) | 3.9 ± 2.5 | 5.5 ± 4.7 | 4.8 ± 3.3 | 13.3 ± 13.3 | 21.9 ± 19.4 | 0.17 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.002 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.61 |
| Swing width (%) | 160.8 ± 345.4 | 51.9 ± 106.5 | 94.6 ± 28.1 | 38.6 ± 194.4 | 81.1 ± 144.2 | 0.10 | 0.88 | 0.025 | 0.005 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.004 |
| Path length (%) | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.62 | 0.057 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.85 |
HC Healthy control, PwMS People with Multiple Sclerosis
Variability ± Standard Deviations between the left and right leg of the different spatio-temporal parameters for the healthy controls and the two pwMS disability groups at Test–Retest. Statistical analysis of the different parameters, providing the Marginal r2 effect size and the p values for the fixed effect and the cross correlations (x) between conditions (last 6 columns).