Fig 4. RhoGAP domains of ExoT or ExoS and the ExoS ADPR domain reduce or delay host cell death.

HeLa cells were infected with PAO1ΔexoSTY complemented with indicated plasmids to determine the role of individual domains of ExoT (A) or ExoS (B) for 3 h, then extracellular bacteria eliminated with amikacin. Hoechst and PI were included in the media. Time-lapse images were captured once per hour beginning at 4 h. Hoechst-positive and PI-positive nuclei were counted with ImageJ macro at each time point. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Results shown are combined from at least three independent experiments. Note: SD from PAO1ΔexoSTY (red line) was removed for better visualization of variability among domain mutants.