FIG 8.

Challenge with NTHi LOS endotoxin elicits host inflammation and reduces colonization of P. aeruginosa (Pa). BALBc/J mice were intratracheally dosed with purified LOS (∼7 μg/g body weight) 24 h prior to introduction of mPA (mPA 08-31) and assessed 72 h after dual challenge. (A) Bacterial burden of P. aeruginosa in the lung homogenates with or without prior challenge with LOS (n = 11 to 15). (B and C) LOS alone was sufficient to initiate the response to infection, as measured by percentage of initial weight (B) and percentage of PMNs in BALF samples (C), compared to uninfected controls (n = 10 to 15). Values are mean ± SEM. LOD, limit of detection. ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test, two-tailed.