Figure 2.

Calorie restriction modulated upstream and downstream regulatory pathways of AKT/FOXO and HSF1/HSP70, and the glucocorticoid receptor pathway in human skeletal muscle. AKT protein kinase B, HSF-1 heat shock factor 1, GCR-α glucocorticoid receptor alpha, FOXO forkhead box O, HSP70 heat shock protein 70, DDB1 damage specific DNA-binding protein 1, SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2, NF-κB nuclear factor-κB, STAT5 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, LC3 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, TNF-α tumour necrosis factor, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-8 interleukin-8. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [162] © 2016 Cell Press)