. 2022 Feb 10;2022:7990129. doi: 10.1155/2022/7990129

Table 3.

Effects of Roselle red calyx beverages on lead, ALAD, and oxidative stress markers in liver and kidney tissues of lead-intoxicated versus normal rats.

Parameters	Normal control	Lead-intoxicated	Lead-intoxicated+CRB	Lead-intoxicated+HRB	P value
L. Pb (μg/g tissue)	0.42 ± 0.05^a	3.10 ± 0.39^d	1.24 ± 0.13^b	2.44 ± 0.30^c	<0.001
L. ALAD (U/mg protein)	0.80 ± 0.10^d	0.20 ± 0.03^a	0.60 ± 0.08^c	0.32 ± 0.04^b	<0.001
L. MDA (nmol/mg)	0.14 ± 0.03^a	0.24 ± 0.05^b	0.15 ± 0.03^a	0.21 ± 0.04^b	0.001
L. NO (μmol/mg)	0.19 ± 0.02^b	0.14 ± 0.03^a	0.17 ± 0.03^ab	0.14 ± 0.02^a	0.018
L. TAC (ng/ml)	0.31 ± 0.04^b	0.15 ± 0.03^a	0.28 ± 0.04^b	0.16 ± 0.03^a	<0.001
K. Pb (μg/g tissue)	0.57 ± 0.06^a	4.88 ± 0.65^c	2.23 ± 0.27^b	2.56 ± 0.30^b	<0.001
K. ALAD (U/mg protein)	0.37 ± 0.05^d	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.04^c	0.22 ± 0.02^b	<0.001
K. MDA (nmol/mg)	0.10 ± 0.01^a	0.36 ± 0.03^c	0.22 ± 0.02^b	0.24 ± 0.04^b	<0.001
K. NO (μmol/mg)	0.19 ± 0.02^b	0.10 ± 0.02^a	0.19 ± 0.02^b	0.17 ± 0.02^b	<0.001
K. TAC (ng/ml)	0.15 ± 0.02^b	0.11 ± 0.02^a	0.21 ± 0.02^d	0.18 ± 0.02^c	<0.001

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Significance level at P < 0.05. Similar letters are implying partial or complete nonsignificance. CRB: cold Roselle beverage; HRB: hot Roselle beverage; L. Pb: liver lead; L. ALAD: liver delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; L. MDA: liver malondialdehyde; L. NO: liver nitric oxide; L. TAC: liver total antioxidant capacity; K. Pb: kidney lead; K. ALAD: kidney delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; K. MDA: kidney malondialdehyde; K. NO: kidney nitric oxide; K. TAC: kidney total antioxidant capacity.