Table 5.
Multivariate analysis of the association between serum calcidiol at admission and pulmonary involvement, length of hospitalization, admission to ICU and mortality
| Pulmonary involvement at hospital admissiona (binary logistic regression) | |||
| Serum calcidiol >25 vs. ≤10 ng/mL | n | Odds ratio[95%CI] | p-value |
| Unadjusted | 538 | 0.18[0.08–0.45] | <0.001 |
| Adjusted by demographics | 538 | 0.21[0.08–0.53] | 0.001 |
| Adjusted by demographics and comorbidities | 538 | 0.20[0.08–0.51] | 0.001 |
| Adjusted by demographics, comorbidities and laboratory parameters | 476 | 0.21[0.08–0.60] | 0.003 |
| Age-matched | 325 | 0.25[0.08–0.74] | 0.012 |
| Patients not treated with cholecalciferol | 235 | 0.14[0.03–0.59] | 0.007 |
| Days of hospitalization (Linear regression) | |||
| Serum calcidiol >25 vs. ≤10 ng/mL | n | Coefficient[95%CI] | p-value |
| Unadjusted | 502 | −4.08[−6.81–−1.36] | 0.003 |
| Adjusted by demographics | 502 | −3.69[−6.42–−0.96] | 0.008 |
| Adjusted by demographics and comorbidities | 502 | −3.64[−6.37–−0.90] | 0.009 |
| Adjusted by demographics, comorbidities and laboratory parameters | 444 | −3.69[−6.47–−0.90] | 0.010 |
| Age-matched | 303 | −4.41[−7.57–−1.25] | 0.007 |
| Patients not treated with cholecalciferol | 222 | −4.41[−8.09–−0.73] | 0.020 |
| Admission to ICU (Cox regression) | |||
| Serum calcidiol >25 vs. ≤10 ng/mL | n | Hazard ratio[95%CI] | p-value |
| Unadjusted | 533 | 0.30[0.12−0.73] | 0.008 |
| Adjusted by demographics | 533 | 0.33[0.13−0.82] | 0.017 |
| Adjusted by demographics and comorbidities | 533 | 0.34[0.13−0.84] | 0.019 |
| Adjusted by demographics, comorbidities and laboratory parameters | 471 | 0.35[0.13−0.95] | 0.039 |
| Age-matched | 322 | 0.30[0.11−0.83] | 0.021 |
| Patients not treated with cholecalciferol | 232 | 0.32[0.08−1.25] | 0.101 |
| Mortality (Cox regression) | |||
| Serum calcidiol >25 vs. ≤10 ng/mL | n | Hazard ratio[95%CI] | p-value |
| Unadjusted | 538 | 1.10[0.39−3.08] | 0.853 |
| Adjusted by demographics | 538 | 1.13[0.40−3.18] | 0.810 |
| Adjusted by demographics and comorbidities | 538 | 1.32[0.44−3.91] | 0.618 |
| Adjusted by demographics, comorbidities and laboratory parameters | 476 | 2.17[0.66−7.17] | 0.205 |
| Age-matched | 325 | 1.90[0.51−7.11] | 0.341 |
| Patients not treated with cholecalciferol | 235 | 4.99[0.74−33.45] | 0.098 |
aAssessed by X-ray and/or computed axial tomography
Demographic variables: age and sex
Comorbidity variables: diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Laboratory parameters: C-reactive protein and leucocytes
Age-matched: age-matched patients by calcidiol categories. Adjusted by sex, comorbidities and laboratory parameters
Patients not treated with cholecalciferol: adjusted by demographics, comorbidities and laboratory parameters