Figure 2.

Discordant Severity Grading in a Patient With Paradoxical Low-Flow, Low-Gradient AS

(A) Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy. (B) Calcified aortic valve (AV). (C) Left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOTD) (arrows). (D) Pulsed-wave Doppler imaging in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in the apical 5-chamber view and (E) continuous-wave Doppler imaging of transaortic flow in the right sternal border. (F) Aortic valve calcium score. (Bottom) Methods to corroborate stroke volume. LVDD = left ventricular diastolic diameter; LVDV = left ventricular diastolic volume; VTI = velocity-time integral; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.