Table 2.
Neuroimaging and neurophysiological study findings.
| Case no | Neuroimaging | EEG/EMG |
|---|---|---|
| Case 1 | CT: normal Cranial MRI: Punctate diffusion restriction in the posterior limb of internal capsule and increased leptomeningeal contrast enhancement. (MRA was not available therefore focal vasculopathy could not be documented.) |
EEG (at admission): electrographic seizures on right parieto-occipital region EEG (third day): no epileptiform discharges, low voltage background EEG (three months later): normal |
| Case 2 | CT: normal Cranial MRI: Punctate diffusion restriction in the dorsal medulla oblongata |
EEG (at admission and two months later): normal |
| Case 3 | Non-contrast-enhanced cranial MRI: Normal findings | EEG (two weeks later): normal |
| Case 4 | Non-contrast-enhanced cranial CT: Normal | EEG (two months later): normal |
| Case 5 | CT: Triventricular hydrocephalus Cranial MRI: Triventricular hydrocephalus associated with aquaductal stenosis and increased leptomeningeal contrast enhancement |
N/p |
| Case 6 | Non-contrast-enhanced cranial CT: Normal findings | N/p |
| Case 7 | CT: normal Non-contrast-enhanced cranial MRI: normal | EEG (at admission): normal |
| Case 8 | Initial cranial MRI: Bifrontal nonspecific white matter lesions and increased leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (after LP). Follow-up cranial MRI: Distension of the peri-optic nerve subarachnoid CSF space and vertical tortuosity of the optic nerve consistent with increased intracranial pressure |
N/p |
| Case 9 | Cranial MRI (26th day of admission): Cranial MRI: MIS-C related findings: Infra/supratentorial multiple microhemorrhages suggesting small-vessel vasculitis and bilateral MCA stenosis consistent with medium-vessel vasculitis, meningo-ependymal contrast enhancement MRI (36th day): PRES MRI (54th day): PRES (regression) |
N/p |
| Case 10 | N/p | EEG (one month later): normal |
| Case 11 | Cranial CT: normal Contrast-enhanced cranial MRI: Normal findings | EMG (during inflammatory syndrome): myopathic changes |
| Case 12 | Contrast-enhanced cranial CT: Normal findings Cranial CT angiography: stenosis in the upper truncus of the right MCA and paucity of distal branches of the MCA |
EMG (two months later): motor axonal polyneuropathy in lower extremities |
| Case 13 | N/p | EMG (at admission): normal |
a Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); Computed Tomography (CT); Electroencephalography (EEG); Electromyography (EMG); Middle cerebral arteria (MCA); Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA); Not performed (N/p); Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).