Table 3.
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and echocardiography study of the control diet (C), high-sugar fat diet (HSF), and high-sugar fat diet supplemented with rice bran (HSF + RB) groups
| Variables | C | HSF | HSF + RB |
|---|---|---|---|
| SBP (mmHg) | 123 ± 4.94 | 140 ± 9.27* | 137 ± 5.02* |
| HR (bpm) | 228 (208–271) | 285 (118–369) | 254 (150–312) |
| LA (mm) | 4.60 (4.60–4.85) | 5.75 (5.36–6.39)* | 4.85 (4.70–4.90)# |
| AO (mm) | 3.83 (3.58–3.83) | 3.70 (3.32–4.34) | 4.09 (3.58–4.09) |
| LA/AO | 1.23 (1.20–1.35) | 1.53 (1.23–1.77)* | 1.19 (1.18–1.31)# |
| LVDD (mm) | 7.49 ± 0.49 | 6.78 ± 0.33* | 7.41 ± 0.44# |
| RWT | 0.39 ± 0.00 | 0.55 ± 0.05* | 0.41 ± 0.02# |
| EF (%) | 0.93 ± 0.00 | 0.89 ± 0.02* | 0.92 ± 0.01# |
| PWSV (cm/s) | 74.5 ± 5.60 | 66.2 ± 6.83* | 75.8 ± 5.59# |
| S’ media (cm/s) | 5.48 ± 0.11 | 4.93 ± 0.19* | 5.53 ± 0,25# |
| E wave (cm/s) | 73.3 ± 8.37 | 81.7 ± 6.64 | 76.9 ± 3.78 |
| E/A | 1.74 ± 0.36 | 1.65 ± 0.40 | 1.89 ± 0.44 |
| EDT (ms) | 48.7 ± 3.53 | 58.3 ± 4.26* | 48.8 ± 3.68# |
| E’/A’ | 1.62 (1.39–1.70) | 0.63 (0.58–1.89)* | 1.52 (1.29–1.81)# |
| E/E’ | 14.0 (11.1–15.5) | 23.4 (28.2–16.8)* | 14.1 (13.2–15.2)# |
Data expressed in mean ± SD or median (min–max) compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc or Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn’s post-hoc
SBP systolic blood pressure; HR heart rate; LA left atrium diameter; AO aorta diameter; LVDD left ventricle (LV) diastolic diameter; RWT LV relative wall thickness; EF ejection fraction; PWSV posterior wall shortening velocity; S’ tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annulus systolic velocity; E early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; A late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; EDT E wave deceleration time; E’ TDI of early mitral annulus diastolic velocity; A’ TDI of late mitral annulus diastolic velocity
p < 0.05: *vs C; #vs HSF