Fig. 1.

Response evaluation by chest X-ray at 1 week post-treatment and chest computed tomography (CT) after 3–4 cycles of treatment in lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). a In 22 patients identified as showing progressive disease (PD) on chest X-rays at 7 days post-treatment, three patients showed a partial response (PR), six showed stable disease (SD), and 13 showed PD on a first CT response evaluation that was performed at 2 months after ICI administration. b All ten patients who experienced pseudoprogression showed progression on chest X-rays at 7 days post-treatment, among which nine showed PR or SD on the first CT response evaluation. Only one patient showed PD on the first CT response evaluation, followed by PR on the second CT. Among patients with pseudoprogression, three discontinued treatment. c Among the six patients who experienced hyperprogression, five showed progression on chest X-rays at 7 days post-treatment, and all patients discontinued treatment