Table 3.

Multiple regression analysis of different VD3 levels.

Outcomes	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		p for interaction
	OR (95% CI)	p-Value	OR (95% CI)	p-Value	OR (95% CI)	p-Value	OR (95% CI)	p-Value
IR group									<0.001
N1 (<30)	2.33 (1.83~2.96)	<0.001	2.63 (2.02~3.43)	<0.001	2.02 (1.55~2.64)	<0.001	2.11 (1.57~2.83)	<0.001
N2 (30–50)	2.01 (1.73~2.34)	<0.001	2.23 (1.89~2.63)	<0.001	1.52 (1.31~1.78)	<0.001	1.52 (1.29~1.78)	<0.001
N3 (50–80)	1.87 (1.68~2.07)	<0.001	1.88 (1.69~2.09)	<0.001	1.31 (1.18~1.44)	<0.001	1.28 (1.16~1.41)	<0.001
N4 (>80)	3.27 (2.69~3.98)	<0.001	3.22 (2.63~3.94)	<0.001	2.23 (1.81~2.74)	<0.001	2.16 (1.75~2.67)	<0.001
IGT group									<0.001
N1 (<30)	1.54 (1.33~1.8)	<0.001	1.63 (1.36~1.94)	<0.001	1.46 (1.21~1.75)	<0.001	1.41 (1.17~1.70)	<0.001
N2 (30–50)	1.31 (1.19~1.43)	<0.001	1.29 (1.17~1.43)	<0.001	1.18 (1.08~1.3)	<0.001	1.18 (1.07~1.29)	0.001
N3 (50–80)	1.18 (1.11~1.26)	<0.001	1.19 (1.1~1.27)	<0.001	1.08 (1.01~1.15)	0.016	1.09 (1.02~1.16)	0.007
N4 (>80)	1.6 (1.39~1.84)	<0.001	1.59 (1.37~1.85)	<0.001	1.28 (1.1~1.48)	0.001	1.22 (1.05~1.42)	0.009
DM group									<0.001
N1 (<30)	1.43 (1.24~1.65)	<0.001	1.51 (1.27~1.78)	<0.001	1.37 (1.15~1.62)	<0.001	1.31 (1.1~1.55)	0.002
N2 (30–50)	1.29 (1.18~1.41)	<0.001	1.31 (1.19~1.44)	<0.001	1.2 (1.09~1.32)	<0.001	1.19 (1.08~1.31)	<0.001
N3 (50–80)	1.18 (1.1~1.26)	<0.001	1.22 (1.13~1.32)	<0.001	1.11 (1.04~1.2)	0.002	1.13 (1.06~1.20)	<0.001
N4 (>80)	1.51 (1.32~1.73)	<0.001	1.53 (1.31~1.78)	<0.001	1.27 (1.09~1.47)	0.002	1.22 (1.05~1.42)	0.01

Model 1: non-adjusted. Model 2: adjusted for gender, age, and race. Model 3: Model 2 + adjusted for ALT, AST, TG, TC, GGT, ALB, and HDL. Model 4: Model 3 + adjusted for smoking, alcohol use, income, and education.

VD3, vitamin D3; IR, insulin resistance; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; DM, diabetes mellitus; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALB, albumin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.