Table 4.
Threshold analysis of TG/HDL on the incident of IR, IGT, and DM in the NHANES study, 2009–2018.
| Outcomes | N1 (VD3 < 30) | N2 (30 ≤ VD3 < 50) | N3 (50 ≤ VD3 < 80) | N4 (80 ≤ VD3) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| IR group | ||||||||
| Cutoff value | 1.16 (1.14, 1.18) | 1.10 (1.08, 1.12) | 1.34 (1.31, 1.37) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.93) | ||||
| TG/HDL < 1.094 | 5.68 (2.64, 12.21) | <0.001 | 5.55 (3.27, 9.42) | <0.001 | 3.50 (2.53, 4.84) | <0.001 | 9.55 (3.79, 24.06) | <0.001 |
| TG/HDL ≥ 1.094 | 1.49 (0.89, 2.48) | 0.123 | 1.41 (1.03~1.93) | 0.033 | 1.54 (1.12, 2.11) | 0.007 | 1.84 (1.33, 2.54) | <0.001 |
| Likelihood ratio test | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 |
| Non-linear test | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 |
| Prediabetes group | ||||||||
| Cutoff value | 1.46 (1.43, 1.49) | 1.22 (1.19, 1.24) | 1.11 (1.09, 1.13) | 1.97 (1.93, 2.01) | ||||
| TG/HDL < 1.51 | 5.29 (2.94, 9.49) | <0.001 | 2.68 (1.61, 4.45) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.32, 3.48) | <0.001 | 1.91 (1.40, 2.61) | <0.001 |
| TG/HDL ≥ 1.51 | 1.13 (0.63, 2.01) | 0.685 | 1.20 (0.85, 1.68) | 0.296 | 1.40 (1.10, 1.78) | 0.007 | 0.06 (0.01, 0.46) | <0.001 |
| Likelihood Ratio test | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 |
| Non-linear test | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 |
| Diabetes group | ||||||||
| Cutoff value | 1.18 (1.10, 1.14) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.89) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.89) | 1.94 (1.91, 1.97) | ||||
| TG/HDL < 1.11 | 7.33 (2.43, 22.05) | <0.001 | 3.83 (1.04, 14.18) | <0.001 | 7.13 (2.30, 22.08) | <0.001 | 1.33 (0.99, 1.77) | 0.057 |
| TG/HDL ≥ 1.11 | 1.20 (0.77, 1.85) | 0.421 | 1.53 (1.19, 1.97) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.29, 1.94) | <0.001 | 0.54 (0.11, 2.65) | 0.444 |
| Likelihood ratio test | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 |
| Non-linear test | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 | – | <0.001 |
Adjusted for age, gender, race, education, BMI, WC (waist circumference), income, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, UA, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, and BUN.
TG/HDL, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein; IR, insulin resistance; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; DM, diabetes mellitus; VD3, vitamin D3; BMI, body mass index; UA, uric acid; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, low-density lipoprotein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.