Table 4.
Bootstrapped correlations between rated and observed temperament, exuberance and activity level at 18 months and ASD and ADHD symptoms at 36 months for the infant siblings
| Predictor variables | ASD Symptoms | ADHD Symptoms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | p | r | p | |
| Parent-rated effortful control | ||||
| Inhibitory control | − 0.13 (0.14) | 0.33 (0.30) | − 0.49 (− 0.49) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Attention shifting | − 0.39 (− 0.31) | 0.001 (0.01) | − 0.28 (− 0.11) | 0.02 (0.32) |
| Low-intensity pleasure | − 0.29 (− 0.18) | 0.03 (0.21) | − 0.29 (− 0.18) | 0.03 (0.20) |
| Cuddliness | − 0.29 (− 0.22) | 0.03 (0.12) | − 0.16 (− 0.05) | 0.02 (0.55) |
| Attentional focus | − 0.10 (− 0.01) | 0.47 (0.97) | − 0.19(− 0.17) | 0.16 (0.24) |
| Parent-rated negative affectivity | ||||
| Discomfort | 0.42 (0.43) | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.13 (− 0.06) | 0.49 (0.30) |
| Feara | 0.19 (0.33) | 0.17 (0.01) | − 0.19 (− 0.33) | 0.17 (0.01) |
| Motor activation | − 0.09 (− 0.01) | 0.52 (0.94) | 0.16 (0.14) | 0.24(0.33) |
| Sadness | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.62 (0.78) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.62 (0.78) |
| Perceptual sensitivity | − 0.02 (0.15) | 0.90 (0.27) | − 0.23 (− 0.27) | 0.10 (0.05) |
| Shyness | 0.21 (0.29) | 0.13 (0.04) | − 0.08 (− 0.21) | 0.58 (0.13) |
| Soothability | − 0.33 (− .19) | 0.01 (0.20) | − 0.36 (− 0.24) | 0.008 (0.08) |
| Frustration | 0.22 (0.06) | 0.11 (0.64) | 0.34 (0.27) | 0.01 (0.05) |
| Parent-rated surgency | ||||
| Impulsivity | − 0.22 (− 0.35) | 0.12 (0.01) | 0.14 (0.32) | 0.32 (0.03) |
| Activity level | 0.38 (0.14) | 0.007 (0.35) | 0.53 (0.42) | 0.001 (0.003) |
| High-intensity pleasure | 0.19 (− 0.03) | 0.18 (0.81) | 0.31 (0.25) | 0.03 (0.08) |
| Sociability | − 0.47 (− 0.43) | 0.001 (0.002) | − 0.21 (0.04) | 0.13 (0.76) |
| Positive anticipation | 0.02 (− 0.01) | 0.91 (0.96) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.89 (0.93) |
| Observed behaviors | ||||
| Exuberance | 0.17 (0.06) | 0.08 (0.70) | 0.31 (0.27) | 00.05 (0.09) |
| Activity level | 0.34 (0.26) | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.27 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.24) |
| Objective activity level | ||||
| Accelerometer activity | 0.29 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.77) | 0.38 (0.26) | 0.01 (0.10) |
Figures within parentheses represent bootstrapped partial correlations adjusted for co-occurring ASD symptoms and ADHD symptoms, respectively
To adjust for multiple comparisons, the results are interpreted as significant if p <0 .01 as marked in bold.
aPearson’s r and p-values for fear are, although strikingly similar for ASD and ADHD, correct