Table 4.
Hazard ratios and confidence intervals after alternate subtraction of each of its dietary components among participants of the SUN cohort
| HRa (95% CI) per 5-unit increment |
HRb (95% CI) Q5 vs. Q1 (Ref.) |
P for trendc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 0.81 (0.68–0.96)* | 0.45 (0.27, 0.76)** | 0.007 |
| Excluding one item with a positive punctuation in the PaleoDiet score | |||
| PaleoDiet score without eggs | 0.81 (0.68–0.97)* | 0.41 (0.24–0.70)** | 0.008 |
| PaleoDiet score without vegetables | 0.82 (0.67–0.99)* | 0.62 (0.36–1.09) | 0.080 |
| PaleoDiet score without fruits | 0.83 (0.69–1.00)* | 0.67 (0.39–1.15) | 0.104 |
| PaleoDiet score without nuts | 0.79 (0.66–0.96)* | 0.55 (0.31–0.96)* | 0.032 |
| PaleoDiet score without fish | 0.81 (0.67–0.98)* | 0.54 (0.32–0.91)* | 0.011 |
| PaleoDiet score without unprocessed meats | 0.80 (0.66–0.69)* | 0.47 (0.28–0.79)** | 0.009 |
| Excluding one item with a negative punctuation in the PaleoDiet score | |||
| PaleoDiet score without cereals and grains | 0.76 (0.63–0.91)** | 0.40 (0.23–0.68)** | 0.001 |
| PaleoDiet score without dairy products | 0.82 (0.68–0.98)* | 0.53 (0.31–0.90)* | 0.030 |
| PaleoDiet score without legumes | 0.81 (0.68–0.96)* | 0.47 (0.28–0.78)** | 0.011 |
| PaleoDiet score without ultra-processed foods | 0.85 (0.71–1.02) | 0.64 (0.38–1.08) | 0.131 |
| PaleoDiet score without culinary ingredients | 0.78 (0.64–0.94)** | 0.53 (0.31–0.90)* | 0.010 |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Q quintile, Ref. reference
*P < 0.05
**P < 0.01
aOriginally estimated logarithms of hazard ratios were multiplied by 50/55 and then exponentiated to correct for 50-point scale
bHazard ratio adjusted for age (10 groups) as the underlying variable of time, sex, year entering the cohort (1999–2001, 2002–2004, 2005–2007, 2008–2010, 2011–2014, 2015–2017), total energy intake (continuous), alcohol intake (teetotaler, > 0–5 g/day in females and > 0–10 g/day in males, > 5–25 g/day in females and > 10–50 g/day in males, > 25 g/day in females and > 50 g/day in males), smoking status (non-smoker, ex-smoker, current smoker), BMI (continuous), physical activity (METs-h/week as continuous), prevalent hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, depression and family history of CVD (yes/no), education level (graduate, master, doctorate) and smoking-pack-years (continuous), squared BMI, napping (yes/no), watching television (h/ day), sitting time (h/week), snacking between meals (yes/no) and following special diets (yes/no)
Bold HR and 95% CI reflects a significant result (P < 0.05)
cTest for lineal trend calculated for the five quintiles