Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the 9-year-old children.
| All | Girls | Boys | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Value | n | Value | n | Value | |
| General characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 411 | 9.5 (0.1) | 200 | 9.5 (0.1) | 211 | 9.5 (0.1) |
| Height (cm) | 411 | 139.4 (6.1) | 200 | 138.7 (5.9) | 211 | 140.2 (6.2) |
| Weight (kg) | 411 | 33.2 (6.8) | 200 | 32.7 (6.8) | 211 | 33.6 (6.7) |
| Body composition | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 411 | 16.9 (2.5) | 200 | 16.9 (2.6) | 211 | 17.0 (2.4) |
| FM (%) | 410 | 19.7 (7.5) | 200 | 21.2 (7.3) | 210 | 18.3 (7.3) |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 410 | 3.5 (1.9) | 200 | 3.7 (2.0) | 210 | 3.3 (1.9) |
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 410 | 13.5 (1.1) | 200 | 13.2 (1.0) | 210 | 13.8 (1.1) |
| Physical fitness | ||||||
| 20 m shuttle run (laps) | 404 | 20.6 (9.8) | 196 | 18.1 (7.4) | 208 | 23.0 (11.2) |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 409 | 16.7 (3.1) | 199 | 15.8 (2.8) | 210 | 17.4 (3.1) |
| Standing long jump (cm) | 409 | 124 (19) | 199 | 118 (18) | 210 | 129 (19) |
| 4 × 10 m shuttle run (s) | 407 | 14.0 (1.1) | 196 | 14.2 (1.0) | 211 | 13.8 (1.1) |
| CVD risk factors | ||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 409 | 111 (9) | 198 | 111 (10) | 211 | 110 (9) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 409 | 69 (6) | 198 | 69 (6) | 211 | 68 (6) |
| Glucose (mmol/l)a | 173 | 5.1 (0.4) | 92 | 5.0 (0.4) | 81 | 5.1 (0.4) |
| Insulin (mIE/l)b | 169 | 7.4 (3.8) | 89 | 8.1 (4.0) | 80 | 6.7 (3.5) |
| HOMA-IR | 166 | 1.7 (0.9) | 87 | 1.8 (1.0) | 79 | 1.5 (0.8) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l)a | 175 | 4.2 (0.7) | 94 | 4.3 (0.6) | 81 | 4.1 (0.7) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)a | 175 | 2.2 (0.6) | 94 | 2.3 (0.6) | 81 | 2.1 (0.6) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)a | 175 | 1.7 (0.4) | 94 | 1.7 (0.4) | 81 | 1.7 (0.3) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)a | 175 | 0.6 (0.2) | 94 | 0.7 (0.2) | 81 | 0.6 (0.2) |
| MetS score (Z-score) | 173 | 0.0 (1.0) | 92 | 0.0 (1.0) | 81 | 0.0 (1.0) |
Values are presented as means (standard deviations). BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; FM, fat-mass; FMI, fat-mass index; FFMI, fat-free mass index; CVD risk factors, cardiovascular disease risk factors; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; MetS score, metabolic syndrome score calculated using normalized sum of sex-specific z-scores for triglycerides, inverted (by multiplying with − 1), HDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose and the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
aMeasured in plasma.
bMeasured in serum.