Table 3.

Associations of body composition with cardiovascular risk factors in 9-year-old children.

Body composition (x)	CVD risk factors (y)	Unadjusted		Basic adjustmenta		Basic adjustmenta + fitnessb
		β	P	β	P	β	P
BMI (kg/m2)	Systolic BP	0.311	< 0.001	0.293	< 0.001	0.240	< 0.001
	Diastolic BP	0.229	< 0.001	0.198	< 0.001	0.204	0.001
	HOMA-IR	0.409	< 0.001	0.341	< 0.001	0.292	0.002
	MetS score	0.430	< 0.001	0.381	< 0.001	0.334	< 0.001
FM (%)	Systolic BP	0.295	< 0.001	0.263	< 0.001	0.248	< 0.001
	Diastolic BP	0.240	< 0.001	0.201	< 0.001	0.231	< 0.001
	HOMA-IR	0.478	< 0.001	0.399	< 0.001	0.339	< 0.001
	MetS score	0.389	< 0.001	0.349	< 0.001	0.312	< 0.001
FMI (kg/m2)	Systolic BP	0.288	< 0.001	0.215	< 0.001	0.206	< 0.001
	Diastolic BP	0.241	< 0.001	0.201	< 0.001	0.231	< 0.001
	HOMA-IR	0.494	< 0.001	0.432	< 0.001	0.375	< 0.001
	MetS score	0.442	< 0.001	0.388	< 0.001	0.368	< 0.001
FFMI (kg/m2)	Systolic BP	0.201	< 0.001	0.140	0.011	0.069	0.27
	Diastolic BP	0.094	0.059	0.018	0.75	− 0.028	0.66
	HOMA-IR	0.050	0.52	− 0.046	0.55	− 0.088	0.33
	MetS score	0.170	0.026	0.065	0.39	− 0.015	0.87

β, standardized regression coefficient; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CVD risk factors, cardiovascular disease risk factors; FFMI, fat-free mass index; FM, fat mass; FMI, fat-mass index; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; MetS score, metabolic syndrome score.

^aAdjusted for child’s age and sex, maternal educational level and maternal BMI (for models with FMI and FFMI as independent variables, the models were also mutually adjusted for FMI and FFMI).

^bAdditionally adjusted for cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run) and handgrip strength.