Table 1.
Participant characteristics at the study baseline (N = 1209).
| Participant characteristics | Mean (SD) or % |
|---|---|
| Age categories, % | |
| 30 years or below | 11.83 |
| 31–40 years | 29.94 |
| 41–50 years | 28.95 |
| 50+ years | 29.28 |
| Gender, % | |
| Female | 84.45 |
| Male | 15.55 |
| Race/Ethnicity, % | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 74.28 |
| Black/African American | 12.16 |
| Others | 13.56 |
| Marital status, % | |
| Single | 16.20 |
| Married | 62.47 |
| Divorced | 10.08 |
| Widowed | 1.34 |
| Separated | 1.26 |
| Non-married partner | 8.65 |
| Educational attainment, % | |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 7.78 |
| Some college but not degree | 22.58 |
| Associate degree | 13.96 |
| Bachelor degree | 34.95 |
| Graduate degree | 20.74 |
| House ownership, % | 72.36 |
| Mid-point salary bands ($), mean (SD)δ | 73,117.27 (342,58.59) |
| Work hours (hours/day), % | |
| < 8 | 1.17 |
| 8 | 51.17 |
| 9–10 | 35.37 |
| 11–12 | 6.27 |
| 13–14 | 0.67 |
| > 14 | 5.35 |
| Work type, % | |
| Exempt | 63.61 |
| Non-exempt | 36.39 |
| Number of children under the age of 18 years | |
| 0 | 51.89 |
| 1 | 21.21 |
| 2 | 17.94 |
| 3 | 6.45 |
| 4 | 1.76 |
| 5+ | 0.75 |
| Taking care of older persons, % | 27.17 |
| Number of health conditions, mean (SD)± | 1.88 (2.28) |
| Frequency of religious service attendance, % | |
| Daily or more than once a week | 5.85 |
| Once a week | 14.63 |
| 1–3 times a month | 11.62 |
| Once every few months or once a year | 39.80 |
| Never | 28.09 |
| Frequency of spiritual practice, % | |
| Daily | 28.15 |
| Not daily but more than once a week | 24.73 |
| Once a week | 8.27 |
| 1–3 times a month | 12.78 |
| Once every few months or once a year | 17.88 |
| Never | 8.19 |
| Frequency of participation in community groups, % | |
| Daily or more than once a week | 10.04 |
| Once a week | 8.45 |
| 1–3 times a month | 15.73 |
| Once every few months or once a year | 33.89 |
| Never | 31.88 |
| Frequency of volunteering, % | |
| Daily or more than once a week | 5.03 |
| Once a week | 4.69 |
| 1–3 times a month | 12.90 |
| Once every few months or once a year | 50.50 |
| Never | 26.88 |
| Voted in the last presidential election, % | |
| Yes | 82.21 |
| No | 14.09 |
| Not a registered voter | 3.69 |
δThe mid-point salary bands in this sample ranged from $33,787.81 to 246,979.16.
±Data on the number of health conditions were obtained from medical claims, ranging from 0 to 12.