Table 2.

Longitudinal associations between domains of flourishing (N = 1209^δ).

Flourishing domains in 2018	Flourishing in 2019
	Emotional health	Physical health	Meaning and purpose	Character strengths	Social connectedness	Financial security	Composite flourishing	Composite flourishing (other domains only) ±
Emotional health	0.51*** (0.44, 0.57)	0.08* (0.02, 0.14)	− 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.06)	0.01 (− 0.06, 0.08)	0.07* (0.01, 0.14)	0.00 (− 0.05, 0.05)	0.13*** (0.07, 0.19)	0.04 (− 0.02, 0.09)
Physical health	0.06* (0.01, 0.11)	0.65*** (0.60, 0.70)	0.06* (0.01, 0.11)	0.08** (0.03, 0.14)	0.03 (− 0.02, 0.08)	− 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.03)	0.17*** (0.13, 0.22)	0.04 (0.00, 0.09)
Meaning and purpose	0.10** (0.03, 0.17)	0.02 (− 0.04, 0.09)	0.60*** (0.53, 0.67)	0.14*** (0.07, 0.22)	0.12*** (0.05, 0.19)	0.01 (− 0.04, 0.07)	0.19*** (0.13, 0.25)	0.09** (0.03, 0.15)
Character strengths	− 0.01 (− 0.07, 0.04)	− 0.04 (− 0.10, 0.01)	− 0.01 (− 0.07, 0.04)	0.53*** (0.47, 0.58)	− 0.03 (− 0.08, 0.03)	− 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.02)	0.05 (0.00, 0.10)	− 0.03 (− 0.08, 0.01)
Social connectedness	0.07* (0.01, 0.13)	0.03 (− 0.03, 0.09)	0.09** (0.03, 0.16)	− 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.05)	0.55*** (0.48, 0.61)	0.06* (0.01, 0.10)	0.17*** (0.12, 0.22)	0.06* (0.01, 0.12)
Financial security	0.08** (0.03, 0.13)	0.08** (0.03, 0.13)	0.04 (− 0.01, 0.09)	0.05 (0.00, 0.11)	0.06* (0.01, 0.11)	0.78*** (0.74, 0.82)	0.32*** (0.28, 0.37)	0.08** (0.03, 0.12)

A set of separate linear regression models were used to regress each of the outcome variables at the follow-up wave (one at a time), on all of the domain-specific flourishing scores at baseline simultaneously. All models adjusted for gender, age, race, marital status, voting, education, number of children, care for older persons, home ownership, religious service attendance, spirituality, community participation, volunteering, work hours, salary bands, work type and the number of physician-diagnosed physical health problems. The domain of physical health in the flourishing index assessed self-rated health, whereas the covariate of physician-diagnosed illness was an objective indicator of health. Likewise, the domain of social connectedness in the flourishing index assessed perceived social relationships, whereas the covariates of social participation measured objective features of the social networks.

Bolded values indicate: *p < .05 before Bonferroni correction, **p < .01 before Bonferroni correction, ***p < .05 after Bonferroni correction (the p value cutoff for Bonferroni correction is p = 0.05/48 tests = 0.001).

^δParticipants with missing data on the  dependent variables were excluded from the analyses. Multiple imputation was performed to impute missing data on the independent variables and covariates.

^±An alternative composite flourishing score excluding the specific domain used as the independent variable in each model.