Table 1.

Summary of national screening programme strategies or national body recommendations for screening women who are not at elevated risk of breast cancer (e.g. those without a known familial risk/genetic predisposition, or history of chest wall radiotherapy).

Country	Age group	Screening strategy
United Kingdom (NHS Breast Screening Programme) [161]	Women aged 50–70 Women aged 71 years and older	Invitation to mammography screening every 3 years Not invited—may self-refer
United States of America (United States Preventive Service Task Force) [162]	Women aged 40–49 years Women aged 50–74 years Women aged 75 years and older	Individual decision-making recommended Biennial mammography No recommendation: evidence insufficient to assess harms and benefits in this age group
Canada (Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care) [163]	Women aged 40–49 years Women aged 50–69 years Women aged 70–74 years	Not recommended; shared decision-making if desired Mammography every 2–3 years Mammography every 2–3 years
Netherlands (National Breast Cancer Screening Programme) [164]	Women aged 50–75 years	Invitation to mammography every 2 years
Australia (BreastScreen Australia) [165]	Women aged 40–49 years Women aged 50–74 years Women aged 74 years and older	Not invited, but may ‘opt-in’ Invitation to mammography every 2 years Not invited but may ‘opt-in’
China (National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China) [166]	Women aged 20–39 years Women aged 40–69 years Women aged 70 years and older	Monthly breast self-examination, clinical breast examination 1–3 yearly Mammography every 1–2 years with ultrasound for women with dense breasts; monthly breast self-examination and annual clinical breast examination Monthly breast self-examination, annual clinical breast examination