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. 2022 Feb 4;10:834503. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.834503

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Diagrammatic sketch for collagen mineralizing. With the addition of polyacrylic acid, a liquid-like calcium carbonate precursor was first formed. Because of clear phase boundaries between PILP and solution, capillary force is easily generated. Then the liquid-like precursors could seep into collagen cracks and therefore result in space-filling crystals.