Fig. 5. Expression of the top five most strongly differentially expressed proteins, in terms of fold-change, between drones and workers.

Expression of these proteins was not linked to pesticide exposure so the exposure data are included in the drone and worker categories. Asterisks indicate that the comparison was significant at 5% global FDR (Benjamini–Hochberg). Boxes represent the interquartile range, bars indicate the median, and whiskers span 1.5 times the interquartile range. a Hex110, a conserved amino acid storage protein, was the most strongly differentially expressed protein overall, with very low levels present in the drones. b The top four other proteins were all more abundant in the drones, including a serine protease inhibitor (serpin88Ea), a serine protease (trypsin-1 like), inositol-3-phosphate synthase, and adenylate kinase. Underlying data can be found in Supplementary Data 4, and summary statistics of these data are in Supplementary Data 5.