Table 3.
Changes in smoking habit and total composite behavior score: before pandemic vs. after lockdown release.
|
Before pandemic number (%) (n = 363) |
After lockdown release number (%) (n = 363) |
Habitual changes | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking Habit: | ||||
| Non-smoking or Ex-smoking | 267 (73.6%)* | 275 (75.8%)* | Decrease in the no of smokers with reported 8 cases as Ex-smoker (8.3% of smokers (All were smoking shisha)) | 0.001* |
| Smoking | 96 (26.4%)* | 88 (24.2%)* | ||
| *Smoking rate/day | ||||
| - Cigarettes only: | 39 (10.7%) | 45 (12.4%) | Negative change in the total number | 0.276 |
| Less than 5 times | 11 (3.03%) | 14 (3.8%) | 3 cases (7.7 %) showed a decrease in | |
| 5–10 times | 7 (1.9%) | 9 (2.4%) | smoking rate (Negative Change) | |
| 11–19 times | 17 (4.6%) | 20 (5.5 %) | While 5 cases (12.8 %) showed an | |
| 20 times and more | 4 (1.1%) | 2 (0.55%) | increase in the smoking rate | |
| -Electronic Cigarettes: | 7 (1.9%) | 7 (1.9%) | No change in the total number, but 1 | NA |
| Less than 5 times | 2 (0.55%) | 2 (0.55%) | case (0.25%) showed an increase in | |
| 5–10 times | 2 (0.55%) | 1 (0.25%) | the smoking rate (Negative Change) | |
| 11–19 times | 1 (0.25%) | 2 (0.55%) | ||
| 20 times and more | 2 (0.55%) | 2 (0.55%) | ||
| -Shisha only: | 31 (8.5%) | 23 (6.3%) | Change in the total number; | 0.007* |
| Less than 5 times | 28 (7.7%) | 16 (4.4%) | 8 cases became ex-smokers | |
| 5–10 times | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (0.83%) | (Positive Change) | |
| 11–19 times | 3 (0.83%) | 1 (0.27%) | ||
| 20 times and more | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (0.83%) | ||
| -Tnbak: | 4 (1.1%) | 4 (1.1%) | No Change | NA |
| Less than 5 times | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| 5–10 times | 4 (1.1%) | 4 (1.1%) | ||
| 11–19 times | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| 20 times and more | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Both Cigarettes and Shisha | 15 (4.1%) | 9 (2.5%) | Change in the total number; | 0.010* |
| Less than 5 times | 9 (2.47%) | 3 (0.82%) | 6 cases stopped shisha but | |
| 5–10 times | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.27%) | changed to smoke cigarettes only | |
| 11–19 times | 4 (1.10%) | 1 (0.27%) | ||
| 20 times and more | 2 (0.55%) | 4 (1.10%) | ||
| Composite Behavior Score | ||||
| 0–1 Healthy Behavior | 70 (19.3%)* | 118 (32.5%)* | No change: 176 (48.5%) | 0.000*a |
| 2–3 Healthy Behaviors | 236 (65%)* | 213 (58.7%)* | Negative change: 131 (36.1%) | |
| 4–5 Healthy Behaviors | 57 (15.7%)* | 32 (8.8%)* | Positive change: 56 (15.4%) | |
*
Significant change before COVID-19 pandemic and After lockdown release was assessed using McNemar-Bowker test.
a
#x0002A;Significant change before COVID-19 pandemic and After lockdown release was assessed using McNemar-Bowker test.
NA: Not applicable to conduct the statistical test due to equal proportional distribution.
Bolded information denotes the main habitual changes.