Figure 3.
Habenular functional connectivity changes with active SCC-DBS. Change in habenular functional connectivity between DBS-ON and DBS-OFF states. Brain areas that showed a significant change in functional connectivity [TFCE-adjusted pBonferroni < 0.0001 (52)] between these states are superimposed on axial slices of a high resolution, high contrast brain template (53) in MNI standard space (42). Red/yellow colors denote areas that were more functionally connected with the bilateral habenula in the DBS-ON condition, while blue colors denote areas that showed less habenular connectivity in the DBS-ON state. Many of the areas whose habenular connectivity changed with SCC-DBS are known to be part of the “brain-wide network of depression.” c., cortex; DBS, deep brain stimulation; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; g., gyrus; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; SCC, subcallosal cingulate area; TFCE, threshold-free cluster enhancement.