Table 1.
Participant demographics.
| Characteristic | Wave 1, n=4004 | Wave 2, n=4180 | Wave 3, n=4153 | All waves, N=12,337 | P value | ||||||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||||||
|
|
Male | 1989 (49.7) | 2083 (49.8) | 2058 (49.6) | 6130 (49.7) | .97 | |||||
|
|
Female | 2015 (50.3) | 2097 (50.2) | 2095 (50.4) | 6207 (50.3) |
|
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| Education level, n (%) | |||||||||||
|
|
High school or less | 1444 (36.1) | 1457 (34.9) | 1465 (35.3) | 4366 (35.4) | .27 | |||||
|
|
Undergraduate diploma | 484 (12.1) | 456 (10.9) | 466 (11.2) | 1406 (11.4) |
|
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|
|
Bachelor’s degree | 1846 (46.1) | 2022 (48.4) | 1955 (47.1) | 5823 (47.2) |
|
|||||
|
|
Postgraduate degree (eg, master’s/PhD) | 230 (5.7) | 245 (5.9) | 267 (6.4) | 742 (6) |
|
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| Income level, n (%) | |||||||||||
|
|
Less than 5000 SARa (<US $1331.47) | 629 (15.7) | 604 (14.4) | 689 (16.6) | 1922 (15.6) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Between 5001 to 8000 SAR (US $1331.74 to $2130.36) | 687 (17.2) | 595 (14.2) | 668 (16.1) | 1950 (15.8) |
|
|||||
|
|
Between 8001 to 11,000 SAR (US $2130.62 to $2929.24) | 619 (15.5) | 610 (14.6) | 664 (16) | 1893 (15.3) |
|
|||||
|
|
Between 11,001 to 13,000 SAR (US $2929.51 to $3461.83) | 486 (12.1) | 551 (13.2) | 502 (12.1) | 1539 (12.5) |
|
|||||
|
|
Between 13,001 to 16,000 SAR (US $3462.10 to $4260.71) | 542 (13.5) | 628 (15) | 559 (13.5) | 1729 (14) |
|
|||||
|
|
More than 16,000 SAR (>US $4260.71) | 1041 (26) | 1192 (28.5) | 1071 (25.8) | 3304 (26.8) |
|
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| Region, n (%) | |||||||||||
|
|
Asir | 321 (8) | 322 (7.7) | 321 (7.7) | 964 (7.8) | >.99 | |||||
|
|
Baha | 316 (7.9) | 311 (7.4) | 314 (7.6) | 941 (7.6) |
|
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|
|
Eastern Region | 314 (7.8) | 322 (7.7) | 323 (7.8) | 959 (7.8) |
|
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|
|
Hail | 293 (7.3) | 326 (7.8) | 320 (7.7) | 939 (7.6) |
|
|||||
|
|
Jazan | 312 (7.8) | 321 (7.7) | 324 (7.8) | 957 (7.8) |
|
|||||
|
|
Al Jouf | 288 (7.2) | 318 (7.6) | 320 (7.7) | 926 (7.5) |
|
|||||
|
|
Madinah | 321 (8) | 325 (7.8) | 316 (7.6) | 962 (7.8) |
|
|||||
|
|
Makkah | 325 (8.1) | 325 (7.8) | 323 (7.8) | 973 (7.9) |
|
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|
|
Najran | 303 (7.6) | 322 (7.7) | 321 (7.7) | 946 (7.7) |
|
|||||
|
|
Northern Border | 318 (7.9) | 318 (7.6) | 321 (7.7) | 957 (7.8) |
|
|||||
|
|
Qassim | 309 (7.7) | 328 (7.8) | 320 (7.7) | 957 (7.8) |
|
|||||
|
|
Riyadh | 301 (7.5) | 323 (7.7) | 320 (7.7) | 944 (7.7) |
|
|||||
|
|
Tabuk | 382 (7.1) | 319 (7.6) | 310 (7.5) | 912 (7.4) |
|
|||||
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||||||||
|
|
Never married | 1548 (38.7) | 1641 (39.3) | 1611 (38.8) | 4800 (38.9) | .77 | |||||
|
|
Married | 2196 (54.8) | 2269 (54.3) | 2279 (54.9) | 6744 (54.7) |
|
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|
|
Divorced/separated | 169 (4.2) | 165 (3.9) | 152 (2.7) | 486 (3.9) |
|
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|
|
Widowed | 91 (2.3) | 105 (2.5) | 111 (2.7) | 307 (2.5) |
|
|||||
| Employment status, n (%) | |||||||||||
|
|
Employed | 1579 (39.4) | 1723 (41.2) | 1638 (39.4) | 4940 (40.0) | .29 | |||||
|
|
Self-employed | 179 (4.5) | 189 (4.5) | 170 (4.1) | 538 (4.4) |
|
|||||
|
|
Unemployed | 1121 (28) | 1081 (25.9) | 1117 (26.9) | 3319 (26.9) |
|
|||||
|
|
Student | 816 (20.4) | 853 (20.4) | 907 (21.8) | 2576 (20.9) |
|
|||||
|
|
Retired | 309 (7.7) | 334 (8) | 321 (7.7) | 964 (7.8) |
|
|||||
a1 SAR=US $0.27.