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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 18.
Published in final edited form as: Ergonomics. 2010 Jan;53(1):92–101. doi: 10.1080/00140130903389035

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Mean ± SE maximum push/pull force in absolute values (|Fz|) for the two force directions (push vs. pull), elbow postures (flexed vs. extended, only for pull), handle materials (coefficient of friction (COF) = 0.80 ± 0.06 between the aluminum handle and the bare hand, and 1.10 ± 0.06 between the rubber handle and the bare hand), and handle orientations (parallel vs. perpendicular) (bare hand only).