Mean ± SE maximum push/pull force in absolute values (|Fz|) for the two force directions (push vs. pull), elbow postures (flexed vs. extended, only for pull), handle materials (coefficient of friction (COF) = 0.80 ± 0.06 between the aluminum handle and the bare hand, and 1.10 ± 0.06 between the rubber handle and the bare hand), and handle orientations (parallel vs. perpendicular) (bare hand only).