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. 2022 Feb 18;21:56. doi: 10.1186/s12943-022-01509-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — New methods to detect the contents of exosomes. A Colorimetric detection. Copyright 2018 by Chen [110], 2020 by Di [112]. B Fluorescent detection. Copyright 2014 by He [36], 2018 by Jin [113]. C Electrochemical detection. Copyright 2020 by Cao [114]. 2020 by Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L [115]. D SPR/SERS detection. Copyright 2014 by Hyungsoon Im [116], 2020 by Dong [117]. E Single exosome detection. Copyright 2019 by Wang [118], 2019 by He [119]. F ddPCR. Copyright 2020 by Sun [61], 2021 by Liu [120]. G Molecular beacon., Copyright 2016 by Ji HyeLee [121], 2015 by Ji HyeLee [122]. H LSPR detection. Copyright 2021 by Wu [123]